Saturday, August 23, 2008
my journey in rural livelihood support interventions
livelihoods is means of living encompassing natural human financial and physical resources. It is not income generating activity per se as the income addresses cash flow or finance whereas livelihoods addresses socio cultural and ethnic issues surrounding the rural households.
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3 comments:
now i have changed to SKS serving its ultra poor project in Narayan Ked
Blue Book
SKS Ultra Poor Programme
Empowering the Ultra Poor
Swayam Krishi Sangam
Hyderabad
SKS Foundation
11 Valley Wood Drive
Scotia MY 12303
USA
Blue Book
SKS Ultra Poor Prgram
Contents
I. Programme Overview – Key Performance Indicators
II. What is Ultra Poor Programme? Global perspective
Initiatives of CGAP and BRAC:
Vision SKS-UPP
III. Mission & Objectives
IV. Area Map: Demographic Details
V. Selection Process – Targeting – Base Line analysis
VI. Stakeholder Analysis
VII. Core Programme Components
a. Social Security
b. Financial Security
c. Health & Nutritional Security
d. Food Security
VIII. Governing Body
IX. Programme Management Strategy - Strategic Business Plan
Long and Immediate Objectives;
Deliverables and time lines
SWOT analysis
Market Analysis
Organograms
Business Rules
Financials and Operational Plans/Log frame Analysis
Standard best Practices/Manuals/ Work books of implementation
Linkages and Resource Support Alliance Building
X. Capacity Building Strategy
XI. Community level para professionals and cadre
XII. Innovations
XIII. Human Resources – Profile of Team Members
XIV. Community Based Monitoring Systems : Social Audit
Household Progress Index; Fast Climbers
XV. Budgets and Financials; Analysis of cost implications
XVI. Road Map for Next Five Years
XVII. Funding Partners and Resource Mobilization – Marketing and Brand Building
XVIII. Impact Studies – case study analysis – Process evaluation – Mid Line surveys
XIX. On Going Ultra Poverty Programmes and MDG
XX. Exit Policies and Strategies for Mainstreaming the Ultra Poor;
Graduation Indicators
Annexures
Log frame performance indicators
a. Out reach Indicators
b. Operational Indicators
c. Financial Indicators
Panel of Resource Support Organizations and Resource Support Persons
Key power point presentations
Resource Material : Capacity Building Tools
Understanding on going other Ultra Poor Practitioners and Programmes
Key Performance Indicators
Outreach Indicators:
1. Total villages in which PRA conducted 228
2. Finally selected villages 215
3. control villages 108
4. treatment (program) villages 103
5. mandals 9
6. district 1
7. Blocks 2
8. Households involved in PRA 1026
9. Households selected 443
10. control Households 500
11. lives impacted (total HHs* avg. HH size 3.2) 1340
12. physically challenged member HHs 6
13. scheduled caste HHs 151
14. Backward caste HHs 261
15. Scheduled Tribe HHs 12
16. Other communities (OC) 19
17. no., HHs with widow as head 98%
18. Age classification Max age 55
a. <26 years 6%
b. 26-35 years 36%
c. 36 – 45 years 48%
d. 46 – 55 years 10%
19. Livelihoods
a. Agriculture 4
b. Animal Husbandry 403
c. Tyloring 4
d. Kambli weavers 1
20. Literacy
a. can sign 99%
b. 3 rd std 1
c. 4 th std., 1
d. 5 th std 5
e. 7 th std., 3
21. Housing
a. Pacca
b. semi pacca
c. Thatched
22. Arogya shri card holders
23. Antyodaya card holders
24. NREGS job card holders
25. Old age pensioners
Operational Indicators:
1. Branch 1
2. Field Assistants 7
3. Health Field Assistants 2
4. Branch Manager 1
5. Project Management Unit 3
6. Health consultant (Retainer) 1
7. Case load per Field Assistant 64 UP Households
8. Total team members 30 UP Households
9. consultants (external)
a. veterinary 1
b. ayurvedic physician 1
10. Office Premises 1
Financial Indicators
1. Ultra Poverty programme total financial
Outlay 153 L INR
a. Ford Foundation 0.41 L INR 20.00 L INR spent
b. SDC 0.39 L INR 20.00 L INR spent
c. NMBT 0.27 L INR 26.00 L INR spent
d. SKS Foundn 0.46 L INR 20.00 L INR spent
(RR)
2. Asset Distribution
a. avg., asset value Rs.7000
b. total asset value Rs.28.00 L
c. asset transferred to 92% HHs
3. Training Investment 5.60 L INR
4. Asset insurance protection 1.20 L INR
5. Asset classification
a. Buffaloes 226
b. goats + chicken 135
4. Kirana, cloth, vegetable 18
5. Telephone , Iron box 3
6. shawl making 1
7. Land lease 12
8. bangle sellers 3
9. tyloring 5
10. hotels and eatables 3
11. Stipends investment
a. projection till programme end (Sept 08)
b. up to December 2008
c. projected 600 members@ Rs. 900 in 18
months
d. Average 200 per HH * 443 HHs in 18 months
e. out of stipends outlay amount spent
up to 31.12.2009
12. Total investment per household
(prog + personnel)
13. Total Investment per household
(prog + personnel+ impact study)
14. Investment on
a. Targeting amt., % of total
b. Assets
c. Training
d. prog., personnel
e. prog., running costs
SKS Ultra Poor Program
Programme Overview
The Need for an Ultra Poor Program
With a population of over 1 Billion, 35% of whom fall under the poverty line (World Bank, $1/day PPP), India contains one of the largest populations of poor in the world. Advancements in information technology, business process outsourcing, telecommunications and pharmaceuticals have led to India becoming one of the fastest growing economies in the world, with an average growth rate of 8% over the past 3 yrs.
Microfinance, the provision of loans and insurance to the poor, has contributed to this economic advancement, and has focused its efforts on the 700 million rural poor around the nation. Today, microfinance has been recognized as a proven poverty-alleviation mechanism in developing nations around the world, and India has been a leader in bringing microfinance onto the world stage, with respected institutions like SKS Microfinance providing financial services to hundreds of thousands of poor across the country.
Despite this success, microfinance has not been able to reach the ultra poor, the bottom 5% of the poor whose lives are characterized by chronic hunger, persistent poor health, and illiteracy. The ultra poor lack a stable income and often do not have the means to feed their families more than once a day; they include widows with a large number of children, the elderly, the disabled, and other severely marginalized groups.
India has approximately 20 million such ultra poor families. These families lack the opportunity or means to lift themselves out of poverty. Programs targeted at sustainably improving the conditions of the extreme poor are limited, and are often prone to corruption. Food aid, while effective for short-term relief, fails to create the building blocks for sustainable change and is often ripe with corruption. Training programs work well in providing valuable tools for income-generation, but they fail to the meet immediate health and food needs that are required to ensure focus and dedication towards an entrepreneurial activity. Social programs run by many NGOs are viable empowerment mechanisms, but fail to meet the pressing economic concerns of the ultra poor.
In short, there is a need for a holistic approach to addressing the multi-dimensional needs of the ultra poor. The SKS Ultra Poor Program, modeled after a highly successful BRAC program in Bangladesh, aims to do that. It attacks the challenge of extreme poverty on three levels: economic, social, and health, and aims to graduate members to traditional microfinance after a period of two years. In Bangladesh, since 2002, the program has successfully graduated 75% members of its 50,000 members. These graduated members then have the opportunity to become lifetime recipients of the opportunities afforded to traditional microfinance members.
Role of SKS Microfinance
Since inception in 1998, SKS Microfinance has demonstrated a vibrant commitment to financially-sustainable poverty alleviation methods. An internationally recognized MFI, SKS is noted for its use of innovation and business best-practices to create a for-profit sustainable model for microfinance. The proposed pilot program will be operated through Swayam Krishi Sangam, the parent NGO of SKS Microfinance Private Limited (SKSMPL). It will have access to the full range of support services provided by SKSMPL but will have the autonomy to incorporate the necessary economic, social and health components into the program.
In recognition of the need for an Ultra Poor Program, SKSMPL is providing SKS Ultra Program with free-of-cost MIS, Accounts and Internal Audit support, and is exploring additional areas of cross-subsidization.
Pilot Phase
The pilot program consists of approximately 450 members in 100 villages in the drought-prone Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh. SKS envisions expanding the program to neighboring states and North India – in areas where large numbers of the ultra poor exist. This approach follows the SKS Microfinance growth model – expanding to diverse geographic areas in order to reach large numbers of the poor.
Targeting and Program Components
Effective targeting is essential to the success of the program. Ensuring selected members are truly ultra poor involves a systematized process including a village survey, participatory rural appraisal (PRA), house visit, interview, preparation and review of preliminary selection list and creation of final selection list. These tools allow SKS to rigorously gauge the poverty levels of families within village populations and ensure that benefits go to the truly ultra poor.
The program consists of three main components:
1. The Economic Component involves asset transfer, development training to transfer basic entrepreneurship skills to selected members and a savings component.
2. The Health Component is based on linkages with existing government and NGO providers to offer services such as screening camps and treatment. A Health Assistant provide free monthly consultations to meet prevalent health concerns, such as iron-deficiencies, parasitic infections and pre-natal care, and selected members will be chosen act as health touch-points in their villages.
3. The Social Development Component builds social safety nets through awareness programs and confidence-building in informal weekly group meetings.
Impact Assessment
Impact Assessment enables SKS to determine the overall impact of the SKS Ultra Poor Program along economic, health and social development lines. Results will also identify program strengths and weaknesses, allowing for program modification in the future.
The randomized impact assessment study, consisting of 900 members (450 control and 450 treatment, respectively), will be overseen by Shamika Ravi (Assistant Professor of Economics, Indian School of Business (ISB)) and Jonathan Morduch (Professor of Economics and Public Policy, New York University).
Monitoring & Evaluation / MIS
Qualitative and quantitative measurement will be performed by both internal and external parties to gauge the efficacy of various indicators, including suitability of selection criteria, effectiveness of job training, and appropriateness of asset and efficiency of health services. SKS Ultra Poor is developing a MIS system to capture and analyze member and program details.
Defining Success
Success is defined primarily as identifying members who leverage the benefits of asset provision, enterprise development training, health care and social empowerment training to create and maintain an entrepreneurial activity by becoming a traditional microfinance member of SKS or a similar organization after two years. We expect 60-70% of members to graduate to microfinance.
In addition, 99% of members will demonstrate increased knowledge in health and social development issues.
Program Overview
Area and Member Selection
a. Village Survey
b. Participatory Rural Appraisal
c. Interview & household survey
d. Creation of final selection list
Enterprise Selection
Enterprise Development Training
Asset Transfer
Group Meetings
a. Savings collection
b. Group discussion on social & health topics
Individual Meetings
a. Asset-check
b. Status of member and household
Health Inputs
Social Development Inputs
Asset Generates Income
Graduation after 18 months
What is Ultra Poor Programme not?
It is not a charity or philanthropy but a pure Human Resource Development effort leveraging the entrepreneurial abilities of the extreme poor which are otherwise locked up and latent due to structural bottlenecks.
It is not a subsidiary effort in expanding clientele base of SKS Micro Finance, as the graduated partner ultra poor house holds are free to choose their own lending institution.
It is not dependency breeding programme with supply driven fallacy. Past efforts, using subsidized and directed credit and benefits have left a distressing legacy of failed programmes and created many skeptics amongst extreme poor. SKS Ultra Poor Programme exactly tries to break this vicious circle with true spirit of self and mutual help. It is the equal opportunity enabler for the ultra poor partner households unleashing the opportunities before them
It is not stand alone economic asset transfer programme but an integration of social, health and economic dimensions of the lives of the extreme poor. It reengages the economically active but over liquid ultra poor families, bringing them to mainstream economic circuit.
What is Ultra Poor Programme?
The SKS Ultra Poor Program seeks to address the challenges of the extreme poverty through three linked interventions: economic, social and health and aims to work with members so that they have the capacity to participate in mainstream micro finance after a period of 18 months. After the program is over, most members will choose to take a micro finance loan to grow their existing business or diversify income sources by starting new businesses.
Why the need for an Ultra Poor Programme?
Microfinance, the provision of financial services to the poor, has been recognized as a proven poverty-alleviation mechanism in developing nations around the world.
Despite this success, microfinance has not been able to reach the ultra poor, the 5% bottom poor whose lives are characterized by malnutrition, persistent poor health, little or no education and incomes far less than $1 a day. In India the ultra poor number approximately 40 million, and include widows, the elderly, the disabled and other severely marginalized groups.
What does the program entail?
The SKS Ultra Poor Program rigorously targets the poorest women in each village, then provides them with inputs that enable development of a sustainable enterprise.
Programme Components:
Component I: Economic Development:
Includes selection of a business, such as livestock-rearing or running a general store, followed by skills training and access to savings services.
Component II: Health Development:
Includes monthly visits by trained health professional, information sessions, health screenings and health training for selected ultra poor members.
Component III: Social Development:
Provides members opportunity to conduct group meetings and discuss important social concerns in an open forum.
Objective: Graduation after 18 months
Members join microfinance programs, increase income and gain health and social awareness
Partnership and Linkages for the Ultra Poor
What institutions are you partnering with? Who provides what? What problems have you faced in these partnerships? How did you resolve them?
SKS is partnering the local organizations and involving the local government health workers and Health center staff in providing the health awareness and health services
Organization Field Type of involvement
Lepra society (www.leprasociety.org)
Non government organization working for creating health awareness in rural areas Conducted TOT to the field staff of the SKS in conducting the health awareness trainings, also conducting mass awareness campaigns in the rural areas to increase awareness. Provided IEC material on health to SKS
APLDA (Andhra Pradesh Livestock development agency) Government agency working in livestock development programs and health services to the animals and increase the productivity and awareness in rural areas on dairy Conducted TOT to the field staff of the SKS and also providing camps in rural areas to increase awareness and better dairy management and providing artificial insemination at doorsteps of the beneficiaries of UPP
TB Alert Organization working on promoting Health awareness Conducted TOT to the field staff of SKS on conducting the health awareness programs for the rural people and using the IEC material
SKS is looking to involve more organizations and linking with more institutions that provide various other support services to increase the awareness of the beneficiaries on various other issues and generate support to the program for sustainability.
BRAC Model
Other 6 countries
Role Of CGAP
Consultative Group to Assist the Poor is the Engine for the current global initiative on Ultra Poverty. It provides strategic and resource support in formulation and implementation of the UPP.
The Pilot Phase of the Programme is Research Grant supported by SDC and the Ford Foundation and the learning in the Pilot Phase should help the implementing partners to upscale in out reach and depth.
The Millennium Development Goals adapted by UN have strong correlation with this initiative.
The other implementing Organizations of UPP are
Bandhan, West Bengal, India
Tickle up, Kolkotta
Fonkoze, Haiti
Bangladesh Role Model
BRAC TUP program
Started in 2002
Target group of the program
Less than 25 – 30% of the Bangladeshi population is taking less than 1800 kcal food and out of the preview of the all the GO & NGO programs
TUP Components
Special investment
Employment and enterprise development training
Social development
Essential Health care
Selection
Through PRA, (participatory rural appraisal)
Rapport building, social mapping, wealth raking, questionnaire, verification
Criteria (any two of the below)
1. Beggar or a daily labor
2. Less than .10 acre of land (wet land)
3. Don’t have any productive asset
4. No male member who can work
5. Child labor
Disqualifications (any one of the below)
1. Member of other NGO / MF
2. GO / NGO program beneficiary (road maintenance program)
3. No female able member
Selected member should produce a No objection from NGO / GO as a proof of not getting any other help / beneficiary.
Base Line and Bench Mark Reports - Bangladesh Model
BRAC
CFPR-TUP
Beneficiary Selection Process STEPS:
I. Area Selection
a. Identification on Basis of Food Security
i. Using a food security map (produced by World Food Programme & Government), identify areas where 20-40% of families live on less than 1000 kcal/day.
b. Identification of 21 Districts
c. Cut-down to 3 Districts (pilot program)
II. Beneficiary Selection
a. Form 3 Member PRA Selection Team
i. Organizer – junior-level, intermediate graduate
ii. Facilitator – graduate (good communicator)
iii. Report-Writer – graduate (intelligent, good writing skills)
b. Discussion with BRAC Area Staff
i. Leverage staff expertise of area to identify ultra poor ‘spots’
ii. Selection of 30-50
c. Create PRA Schedule
i. Social Mapping & Wealth Ranking – Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday
ii. Rapport Building – Saturday, Monday, Wednesday
d. Conduct PRA*
(Expected Participation Rate = 33%)
o Graduation
GOAL: 100% Target Graduation Rate (incentive)
Develop capacity of beneficiaries so they have ability to join mainstream development programs (microfinance, social, health, legal and education services)
I. Confidence Building Training (at program closure) - MODULE
a. 3-Day Workshop to assist transition – foster independence
b. Summarize successes/failures
c. Review of appropriate linkages for microfinance, social, legal, health and education services (government, NGO)
d. Look to future…
II. Formation informal Village Organization after program end (18 months)
a. Organized by Program Organizer – TUP Microfinance (most of the time, PO-ED transitions to this role)
b. 15-30 Beneficiaries per group (contingent on geographic dispersion)
c. If few beneficiaries, link them with existing VOs
i. For 4-5 months, distinct group meetings for this group (separate from formal VO) + individual meetings/house visits
d. Training on microfinance methodology given
III. Declaration of formal Village Organization
a. Microfinance manager, Branch Manager, etc will be present
b. Discussion on microfinance: product offerings, methodology, etc.
c. Meeting day and time announced
IV. Village Organization Methodology
a. Follows format of traditional microfinance PLUS name-writing piece and discussion of social & health development issues
b. Two meetings per morning (9-10:30, 11-12:30)
c. PO MF hands over money to accountant
d. 3:00pm – visit to TUP beneficiary households (those who have joined existing VOs), (not getting social & health education) – they have 2 POs
Field Visit Notes:
- 16-Member group, 4 groups of 4
- 7 of 16 had taken loans
- Those who had not taken loans wished to take loans within 3 months of graduation
- Average loan size = 3000-4000 Tk (maximum 5000 Tk)
- Majority took loan for land/agriculture (rice) - ownership
o Majority: portfolio diversification (as opposed to expansion of current business)
o Majority: still maintained present assets (cows, goats)
- Most were still buying food staple (rice) on daily basis
- Repaying loan through husband or son earnings (daily labor)
- First loan is usually worth less than their asset:
o Cow-rearing: 7000 Tk
o Non-farm: 3000 Tk
o Cage Rearer:
Graduation must be country-specific
So how does SKS define graduation? Purely by graduation into MF? Can we help link with government programs (that’s already done, no?), or other NGO programs. As we don’t provide for a savings mechanism, how can we still ensure they remain a part of SKS? Will we have a savings product 18 months from now? Do we create a current account for them in RRBs?
Area Map
Pilot Programme in South India
State: Andhra Pradesh
Area: Narayankhed, Medak District
Outreach 450 members in 100 villages
Ultra Poor program coverage area in Medak District of Andhra Pradesh
Ultra poor office at Narayankhed Area of operation covering 9 Mandals
The overarching vision of SKS Ultra Poor Programme
Graduated Ultra Poor Household
Mission Statement
The SKS Ultra Poor Programme envisages better quality of life for the partner Ultra Poor Household reconnecting them to the production economy encompassing social, health, nutritional and economic security.
Over all objective
Sustainable and qualitative progression of the partner households of Ultra Poor empowering them to access mainstream financial and social services.
SKS wants to eradicate ultra poverty in India with a sustainable model envisioning quality living standards for the partner households.
Specific Objectives of the Pilot Programme
1. Objective targeting of 500 Ultra Poor Households for treatment and 500 as control
group with the bottom line ultra poverty focus
2. Create comprehensive Base Line of all partner households capturing the social
economic indicators
3. Provision of health, social and financial services to graduate the Ultra Poor households
4. To measure the impact of the programme interventions on the socio economic life of
the partner households
5. To standardize sustainable and replicable model for up scale implementation
Graduation Process and Fast Climbers
Graduation
- What is percentage of graduates who take loans?
- Those who take loans, take how many months after graduation?
- Since 2002, have these graduates continued to taken loans on annual basis?
- Are most of them continuing savings?
- For those who have not taken loans, why? Is asset sufficient or are they not in a position to expand their business/begin a new business?
Documentation Required
A. Modules
a. Enterprise Development Training Module for beneficiaries
i. 3 or 6 day training
ii. Refreshers (every month) in training room once/month
b. Confidence – Building Training for beneficiaries (after graduation)
c. Staff Training Modules:
i. Livestock
ii. Agriculture
iii. Non-Farm
iv. Vegetable
B. Staff Job Descriptions
a. Program Coordinator
b. Senior Regional Manager
c. Area Manager
d. Branch Manager
e. Program Organizers (Enterprise, SD, Health, TUP MF)
C. Social Development Issues & Specifics
D. MIS Documentation (information is consolidated at RO, how is it further consolidated at HO?)
E. TUP Member Profile (high-level details) – family size, literacy status, family details, etc. [if this information is consolidated]
Follow-Up:
- What services does BRAC offer during program implementation? (for Bandhan, etc.) Discussion on whether we need the support?
Benchmarking CMS Indicators
CMS- Case manager worksheet:
TARGETTING:
Fast Climbers: 50
Main characteristics:
• Better understanding on asset management
• Participated actively in trainings and meetings and learned fast
• Learned about Govt. schemes and started utilizing them such as PDS cards, NREGS work, Health cards
• Increased awareness on income and expenditure and started cut down unnecessary expenditure
• Increased Savings deposits through income from asset and daily wages for future needs
• Started thinking on quality education for their children and planning to send them for private schools
• Increased health awareness on personal hygiene and food habits
• Timely managing the asset
• Better planning for maintain food stock
• Having more savings deposits (more than Rs. 500)
• Repay the old debts
• Try to change behaviors such as consumption of alcohol and taking tobacco products.
• Doing their daily labor work and maintaining the asset
Reasons:
• Shared their experiences with others and learned from others to better management of asset
• Personal interest to learn about asset management
• Personal management of asset
• Level of understanding new things
• Savings behavior for future needs
• Realization on future needs
• Clarity on future goals (children education, increasing asset, build assets)
• Money management (re investment of asset income)
• Other family members support in managing asset
• Decision making capacity and situation
• Compare with people those who managing enterprise in better way and learn the skills from them
• Spending on necessary needs
• Habit of food security
• Having more clarity on health issues
• Better management of income from husband side (LIC, lands etc)
• Having more responsibly as household head
• Having confidence on asset management
Managing Solidly: 220
Main characteristics:
• Managing asset in a better way
• Increased savings deposits (Rs. 300 to 500)
• Trying to increase their assets, but the situation is not co-operating to them
• Planning to save more from income from assets and daily labor
• Trying to learn more things about asset management but not able to concentrate on meetings
• Hard working for earn more, but some times their health not co-operated to work
• Joined with other groups such as SHG to increase their assets
• Spend more on repay the old debts
• Increasing their health awareness on hygiene and food habits
Reasons:
• Having more expenditure
• She only the earning person and more dependents
• Not able to save more due to more expenditure of health problem
• Having more debts (while husband alive or by the time of husband death)
• Not getting more income from asset
• Death of calf or goat kids
• Having health problems
• Less co-operation of other family members
Slow Climbers: 130
Main characteristics:
• Maintaining asset by her own
• Having less savings deposits (less than Rs. 300)
• Not enough income from asset to meet her needs
• As they are alone not able to have two income sources
• Having more debts
• Spending more money on health problems
• Lack of personal interest in increase savings
• Not having good relation with other family members
• Not enough confidence on maintain asset
• Thinking of their children marriages at early age
• Not having knowledge on other schemes
• Not having good relation with village members
• Not showing interest on learn skills to maintain asset
• Not showing personal interest on maintain asset
• Not getting proper income from asset
• Giving asset to others for raring and spending money on this
• Not able to send their children to school
• Not increased assets
• Not having enough food stock according to their needs
•
Reasons:
• No co-operation from other family members
• Lack of personal interest on learning new skills to manage assets
• Death of calf or goat kids
• Lack of other family members co-operation
• Not enough confidence
• Livestock health problems
• More health problems of family members
• No proper space to keep their assets
• Due to not having support from others planning for children marriages at early age
• Age factor to look after the asset
• Lack of co-operation from other village members
• Lack of knowledge on maintain asset
• Due to having illegal relations with others not showing interest on maintain asset
• More family responsibilities
• More dependants
• Some members having mental health problems
• Due to health and other reasons depending on other family members in maintain assets, so they are not getting proper income from enterprise
• Depending on others to raring the asset
• Children are also needing to work to get income
• Not able to participate in govt. schemes such as NREGS due to no work in their village
• Not getting govt. schemes such as old age / widow pension and PDS cards
• Lack of knowledge in health issues
Case Studies
Neerudi Rukkamma, 45yrs
Bujran Pally:
Family members:
Only Daughter Ms.Anjamma, 14 years
Ms.Rukkamma is a 45 yrs old widow; her husband died 13 years ago due to accident while working on a sand transportation trucks. She is living with a daughter Ms.Anjamma aged about 14yrs. She was suffering from Low BP and frequent fevers and SKS Health FA regularly meeting her and giving advice to consult the proper doctors.
Before the Ultra poor intervention, Rukkama was working as agricultural labor and earning about a meager amount of Rs.400 per month (about $10 per month) depending upon the agricultural season, she has been allotted a house under the government housing scheme and for that she has spent over Rs.6000 for which she has taken a loan from the government SHG program.
When SKS decided to implement the Ultra poor program conducted a PRA in the Bujrampally on 12th June 2007 and along with 8 others identified as a poorest of the poor in that village, after the Household interviews Rukkamma selected for the program and asked to attend the training for the enterprise skill development.
After successful training she has supported by SKS in the month of October 07, with a pregnant Buffalo, the cost of the buffalo is about Rs. 6800/-. Very soon the buffalo given the birth of a female calf and she is currently getting about 3 liters of milk per day after leaving some milk for the calf.
Her present income from the enterprise is about Rs.600 (about $15 per month) as she is selling 2.5 litters of milk and she and her daughter started consuming about half liter of milk every day. Due to the dairy enterprise Rukkamma’s family income increased from Rs.400 ($10) to Rs.1000 ($25) per month as she is also continuing her work as a agricultural labor as additional income. She also started saving with Ultra poor groups.
SKS Field assistant visits Rukkamma’s family every week as part of his center meetings and a house visits for the Ultra Poor members, in which the SKS Field Assistant gives her regular inputs on the development of animal and its needs as well as the family health and social development needs.
Tenkati Pushpamma,
Age 30 Yrs
Malkapur:
Family members:
1. Manikyam, Father, 60 year old
2. Mothemma, Mother, 55 year old
Ms.Pushpamma a 30 year old dumb woman, her husband left her 9 yrs ago since then she is living with her old parents. As a agriculture labor she was able to earn Rs.200 ($ 4 ) per month as she is suffering from Hysteric fits and her health is not supporting her for doing hard work. And her parents also not able to work as they both are old and only her old mother occasionally go for agriculture work. Even though she has two brothers but they are leaving separately and not supporting their parents and sister.
As part of the PRA conducted by the SKS to select the ultra poor members in Malkapur village along with other 21members she is also selected for the House Hold interview and after seeing her condition SKS selected her for the Ultra Poor Program.
As she opted for the buffalo enterprise she has been provided with necessary skills in the enterprise training and a buffalo with a cost of Rs.8400 in Oct’07. Now she is getting daily income of Rs.15 –Rs.20 by selling the milk in the local market. That makes her household income rise from Rs.200 to up to Rs800.
SKS is also providing the subsistence allowance for the fodder and other needs of the enterprise up to Rs.1200 over the program period depending on her needs. She also started savings with SKS and her present savings are Rs.65.
SKS field assistant visits the village every week, conducts center meeting with all members, collects savings, discuss on enterprise, and discuss on social development and health issues with members. After the meeting FA will visits each and every house, observe the enterprise, discuss about the problems and income, and provide suggestions to them accordingly. And also observe the change in her family during the program period.
Purra Shyamala, 30yrs
Bujran Pally:
Family members
1. Ramkala 8 yrs
2. Divya 6 yrs
Shyamala is survived with two daughters after the tragic suicidal death of her husband (he was alcoholic) 8 years ago. And her major income is from Beedi making and earning about Rs.500 ($ 12) per month. She got a house in Government housing scheme and she spent over 8000 from a loan from the local money lender and from SHG program to get it completed. She has to pay interest of over Rs.250 towards the loans.
She selected for the Ultra poor program in a PRA conducted by the SKS in Bujran pally village along with other 8 poor families.
SKS supported her to setup a small provisions store in the month of November’07 with an amount of Rs.7000 and in addition to that she is eligible to get a subsistence allowance up to Rs.1200 depending on the need of the enterprise spread over the 18months of the program.
Her current business is about Rs.300 – Rs.400 per day and her over all profit in the last month is about Rs.500. Because of the Ultra poor intervention her monthly income is increased up to 100% and now she is able to earn up to Rs.1000.
SKS FA will be conducting the weekly meetings and a also make a visit to her shop to observe the setup and give her needed guidance on the improvement of the business and she also started savings on weekly bases and she is saving this money for the education of her children.
Selection Process
Base Line Study
Ultra Poor selection is Discriminatory Net Approach
TARGET GROUP RURAL (74%) URBAN (26%) PICTORIAL DESCRIPTION
Upper Poor
(from Rs 25,000-Rs. 50,000 per family per year)
Medium farmers to small entrepreneurs who have some consistent source of income. Employed poor such as housemaids and industrial laborers to small entrepreneurs who have some consistent source of enterprise income or work.
Poor (BPL)
(up to Rs. 25,000 per family per year)
Landless daily laborers with no assets to small farmers and micro-entrepreneurs who have some income generating assets (livestock, land, sewing machine).
Daily laborers with no assets to micro-entrepreneurs who have some income generating assets (e.g., vegetable cart, cycle rickshaw). All are characterized by not having a consistent income source.
Destitute
10 million households
Families with no daily source of income
Families with no daily source of income
Selection of State & District
Selection of State or a political unit is purposive but weightage is given for chronic poverty states with structural reasons for poverty. Eg., KBK Districts of Orissa.
Criterion for Selection of Political State
1. Chronic Poverty Indices and national priorities
2. Presence of tribal populations in core tribal poverty targets
3. Feasibility of Project Operations
4. Funding partners preferences
5. SKS MFL area experience and area know well
Geographic Reach
SKS has launched an initial pilot in the drought-prone Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh. As the first area in which SKS launched operations, it is an area we know well. Currently, SKS Microfinance has over 300,000 members in Andhra Pradesh, making it our largest operational state.
Expansion Strategy:
The expansion approach follows the SKS Microfinance growth model – expanding to diverse geographic areas in order to reach large numbers of the poor.
In Phase II, expansion will occur in North-east Andhra Pradesh, a region of Andhra Pradesh that has seen limited microfinance activity. Phase III will see expansion to the neighboring state of Orissa, and subsequent rollouts will expand northward.
Area selection
Program managers attended a Microfinance Unit meeting in the Telangana Region, where they discussed with SKS area managers and field staff the possibility of launching the Ultra Poor Pilot Program in the area.
The two main districts that were identified were Adilabad district and Medak District. After further discussions about the area, identifying the profile of the districts’ population, Narayankhed was targeted as the area for the pilot program. SKS has been operating in Narayankhed for a long period and helped identify people who are not receiving microfinance services.
District Education Employment Irrigation Infrastructure Poor/Non-poor Ratio SKS presence Communal / Political Environment Other Score
Adilabad Low Low Low Low Poor 1 year High (Naxalite) Main source of income is sugar cane; high number of tribal, estimated additional cost of 20-25% due to poor infrastructure/lack of electricity. Inaccessible. 5
Karimnagar High High High High Non-poor 1 year Low High migration level; High investment (NTPC, FCI) 1
K hammam High High High Medium 2003 Medium Good agriculture and wages also good 3
Medak* Medium High Low High Poor 1998 Low Heavy migration, poor wages 5
Nalgonda High High Both 2003 Fluoride in water problem 3
Nizambad Medium High High High Both 2003 High Heavy migration; high level of agricultural development; well-connected to Hyderabad, other districts 2
Warangal High High High Medium Both 2006 High (Naxalite) Well-connected to Hyderabad 3
The above chart helped scoring and identifying target locations for the Ultra Poor Program. Medak District. The Board then approved Narayankhed as the central location in Medak District as the pilot area,
Village Selection Criteria
15-20 km radius from SKS office
Population should be 1000 and more
Selected 58 villages from Narayankhed surrounding Mandals of Narayankhed, Manoor, Regode, Kalher, and Kangti.
Once zeroed into villages of operation the next step was to select the Ultra Poor members with objective targeting.
1 Manoor Mandal 01 manoor mandal 2 Narayankhed Sravan Codes 3 Kalher Mandal
Code No Name of the village Code No Name of the village 02 narayankhed mandal Code No Name of the village
1 DOSAPALLY 01 panchagama - 04 1 Hanmanthraopet 1 Pochapur
2 Thornal 02 thornal - 11 2 Narsapur 01 h rao pet - 03 2 Sirgapur
3 Valloor 03 vollor - 03 3 Panchagama 02 narsapoor - 05 3 Gosaipally
4 Dudagonda 04 dhudhagonda - 02 4 Pothanpalli 03 nallvagu - 01 4 Munigepally
5 Gudur 05 guduru - 05 5 Ananthsagar 04 pothanpally - 07 5 Bokkasgao
6 Dowoor 06 dawar - 09 6 Jagannthpur 05 ananthasagar - 09 6 Pedda Mubarakpur
7 Damargidda 07 damargidda - 13 7 Chandapur 06 jaganthapoor - 04 7 Khajapur
8 Ranapur 08 ranapur - 03 8 Lingapur 07 chandapur - 03 8 Anthargao
9 Yelgoi 09 yelgoi - 02 9 Pipri 08 lingapoor - 04 9 Nagdhar
10 Nagalgidda 10 nagulgidda - 12 10 Jukal 09 pepri - 02 10 Nallavagu
11 Thimmapur 11 timmapoor - 04 11 Rudraram 10 jukal - 06 11 Kadpal
12 Athimyal 12 athimyal - 07 12 Ryakal 11 rudraram - 05 12 C mubarakpur
13 Shelgira 13 shelgira - 08 13 Nemlimet 12 ryakal - 11 13 Raprthi
14 Muktapur total ---83 14 Sanjeevanraopet 13 namlimet - 18 14 Meerkhanpet
15 Badalgao 15 Sathyagama 14 sanjeevaraopet - 19 15 Bachepally
16 Manoor 16 Venkatapur 15 satyagama - 08 16 Khanapur (B)
17 G Lingampally 17 Gangapur 16 venkatapur - 09 17 Krishnapur
18 Bellapur 18 Thurkapally 17 gangapur - 06 18 khanapur(K)
19 Pulkurthi 19 Jujalpur 18 thukapally - 08 19 Fathepur
20 Raipally 20 Ryalamadugu total --- 128 20 Bibipet
21 Usirikapally 21 Hangirga B 21 Masanpally
22 Borancha 22 G. Hukrana 22 Mahadevpally
23 Dhanwar 23 Chandkhanpally 23 Mardi
24 N G Hukrana 24 Kothapally 24 Kalher
25 Keswar 25 Hangirga K 25 Ramreddypet
26 Morgi 26 Paidepalli
27 Maikodu 27 Anthwar
28 Karsuguthi 28 R Pothanpally
29 Mavinelli 29 Gunkulakunta
30 Kharamungi 30 Bhanapur
31 Kamlapur 31 Madwar
32 Gondegaon 32 Abendha
33 Shapur 33 Nagpuram
34 Utpally 34 chapta(k)
35 Audthpur 35 Ujalampad
36 Yesgi 36 Mansoorpur
37 Enekpally 37 Nizampet
38 Errakipally 38 Allapur
39 Pusalpad 39 Bandranpalle
40 Lingnaikpalle
NOTE: Yellow coloured villages wrongly entered in those mandals please change the codes accordingly
Group 1 villages 22 37
Group 2 villages -22 3
Total selected villages Up to 6th June 07
Village survey conducted 178
PRA conducted 171
Household interviews 93
92
4 Regode Mandal 5 Kangti Mandal 6 Shankrampet Mandal 7 Nyalkal mandal 8 Alladurg
Code No Name of the village Code No Name of the village Code No Name of the village Code No Name of the village Code No Name of the village
1 Pyararam 1 Wasar 1 Tenkatti 1 Humnapur 1 Vatpally
2 Limgampally 2 Gardegao 2 Bhujaranpally 2 Raghavapur 2 Gatpally
3 Marpally 3 Chukkalathirth 3 Gopanvenkatapur 3 Chalki 3 Bijilipur
4 Regode 4 Gajulapad 4 Badaram 4 Ibrahimpur 4 Marvelly
5 Desapally 5 Tur.wadagam 5 Gottimukula 5 Chenegapally 5 Gorrekal
6 Kondapur 6 nagur.b 6 Malkapur 6 Chekurthi 6 Nagulapally
7 Jagiryal 7 Bhemra 7 Kamalapur 7 Hamirabad 7 Chevella
8 Sindole 8 Chapt.k 8 Jambikunta 8 Kakijanwada 8 Pothulboguda
9 Thatpally 9 Thadkal 9 Cheelapally 9 Musthapur 9 Palvatla
10 Paladugu 10 Rasol 10 Utloor 10 Nyalkal
11 Chowdarpally 11 Ramthirth 11 Venkatapur (kattela)
12 Pocharam 12 Siddangerga
13 Dudhala 13 Naganpally
14 Etkyala 14 Potpally
15 Gajjada
9 Raikode mandal
Code No Name of the village
1 Matoor
2 Doultabad
3 Sirur
4 Maipathpur
5 Hanmadlapalle
6 Shapur
7 Pampad
Participatory Identification of the Poorest: The Process
S.No Village Name Distance from Narayankhed (Branch) mandal Population of the village Total number of HH Village Survey projection of poor total PRA projection of Poor PRA short list WHH + NO Live stock Household Survey Total Final
1 Ananthsagar 4 Narayankhd 2444 170 30 36
2 Anthargau 24 kalhere 1621 225 25 27 18
3 Bokkasgau 20 kalhere 730 126 20 32 12
4 Chandhapur 3 Narayankhd 344 56 20 8
5 Damaragidda 18 Manoor 1676 296 10 80 16
6 Dowoor 13 Manoor 1773 315 10 113 16
7 Gardegave 25 Kangti 1055 260 15 25
8 Gosaipally 21 kalhere 742 147 50 30 20
9 Gudur 19 Manoor 1149 180 15 38 14
10 Hanmanth Rao Pet 11 Narayankhd 1673 424 20 121 15
11 Jaganathpur 6 Narayankhd 466 103 15 12 9
12 Jukal 4 Narayankhd 851 149 20 34 10
13 Khajapur 20 kalhere 1020 153 50 16
14 Lingampalle 13 Regode 3000 228 10 26 16
15 Lingapoor 9 Narayankhd 1883 330 12 157 27
16 Marpalli 10 Regode 1300 250 10 47 30
17 Mulgepally 18 kalhere 1442 213 8 25
18 Nagdhar 19 kalhere 3366 432 15 56
19 Nagulgidda 16 Manoor 1480 127 10 33 28
20 Nallavagu 17 kalhere 1085 243 20 23 7
S.No Village Name Distance from Narayankhed (Branch) mandal Population of the village Total number of HH Village Survey projection of poor total PRA projection of Poor PRA short list WHH + NO Live stock Household Survey Total Final
21 Namlimet 10 Narayankhd 1535 264 8 40 26
22 Narsapoor 10 Narayankhd 1023 94 10 70 11
23 P.Mubarakpur 24 kalhere 845 76 15 12
24 Paidepalli 6 Narayankhd 1320 206 15 12
25 Pepri 6 Narayankhd 819 112 40 56 6
26 Pochapur 20 kalhere 1531 302 50 23 20
27 Pothanpalli 12 Narayankhd 1500 216 8 45 26
28 Pyararam 11 Regode 1200 200 15 39 24
29 Regode 11 Regode 5000 560 30 47
30 Rudraram 6 Narayankhd 1349 113 15 30
31 Sanjeevanraopet 13 Narayankhd 3066 428 15 58 39
32 Sathyagama 4 Narayankhd 1001 252 25 50 22
33 Shelgira 9 Manoor 1425 182 20 59 14
34 Sirgapur 15 kalhere 4895 345 30 83 56
35 Thornal 17 Manoor 1408 260 25 98 14
36 Vallur 15 Manoor 1178 20 15 9
37 Wasar 20 Kangti 3289 305 30 50 10
38 Yelgoyi 14 Manoor 1549 239 10 55 13
Total 63033 8581 766 1781 528
Member Selection – Step by Step Approach
Member Selection involves a process of Area Selection and Member Selection. This process is very rigorous and allows us to determine the poorest-of-the-poor in the areas in which we work.
Part I: Area Selection
e. Identify areas on basis of:
i. Discussions with SKS Microfinance field staff
ii. Assessment of poverty-levels through research and government reports
f. Select appropriate districts and villages
g. Through discussions and visits, narrow number of areas
h. Discuss with SKS Area Staff
i. Leverage staff expertise of area to identify ultra poor ‘spots’
ii. Select 30-50 villages
Part II: Member Selection
i. Form 2-3 Member Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Team
i. Field Assistant I – Copies map and writes village details
ii. Field Assistant II - Facilitator (good communicator)
iii. Optional: Branch Coordinator and/or Program Manager
j. Review PRA Schedule
i. PRA: Social Mapping & Wealth Ranking –
ii. Household Visits & Interviews
k. Conduct PRA
Conducting a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA): Processes and Steps
Conducting a successful PRA requires the teamwork of field staff and the active involvement of village participants. The purpose of a PRA is engage the community in mapping geographic elements of a village, including households, schools, libraries, and government buildings. After mapping the village, the FA uses specific techniques to what households make up the poorest 10% of the village.
Materials Required:
1. Paper
2. Chalk powder: white and colored
3. Registrar (for writing household details)
Suggested Timings: conduct PRAs when the majority of the village colony will be present.
- Early Morning – Before 9:00am
- Early Evening – After 6:00pm
Total Time: 1 – 1.5 Hours
Day 1: Village Survey & Rapport-Building
Staff-Member: Field Assistant
1. Travel to village spot to obtain geographic details
a. Infrastructure
b. Number of Roads
c. Location of Temples/Mosques
d. Key Landmarks (schools, banyan trees, etc)
2. Identify village meeting area
a. Location that is open & convenient to get to
3. Invite villagers to discuss ‘social status’
a. DO NOT MENTION PROGRAM PURPOSE
Day 2: Social Mapping & Wealth Ranking
Staff-Members: Field Assistant and Branch Manager
1. Introduction
a. Field Assistant introduces himself, and describes reason behind social mapping: to determine social status of village and villagers (do not mention wealth ranking)
2. Map Village
a. FA asks participants to sketch map of village on ground
b. Participants decide who will sketch village
c. Field Assistant mapper copies village map
3. Second FA notes household information in registrar
4. Second FA documents Wealth-Rankings
a. Capture following information:
District Name
Village Name
Colony
Head of Household Name
Husband/Father Name
Wealth Ranked (COLOR)
4. Field Assistant reads out household names to ensure accuracy
5. Wealth Ranking
a. FA asks participants if everyone has same financial status. Villagers will say “no”
b. FA will ask villager to note poorest households by color
c. FA separates wealth ranking card according to economic status… participants dictate rankings – NEVER ask leading questions
d. 3 Groups Formed
i. Non-poor
ii. Poor/Middle-Class
iii. Poorest-of-the-Poor
e. Document Wealth Ranking on Card & Registry (Report-Writer)
i. Classifications
ii. Criteria for each Classification
f. Cross-check with Participants
i. “Which groups are poorest?” (FA)
ii. Participants review cards, and 1 or 2 may transfer groups
g. Identify 5-15 Poorest Families
Result: These 5-15 families will be interviewed by Field Assistants during the Housing Survey process.
Interview & Household Survey
Once all PRAs are complete, FAs conduct an interview and a household survey with each prospective member. This interview allows the Ultra Poor staff to determine if the prospective member meets at least 4 of the required criteria to become an Ultra Member.
The criteria are as follows:
Criteria Reason
1. Ownership of less than 1 acre of arable land Most ultra poor are landless
2. Women headed family (no adult working male in household) Women-headed families are more likely to be ultra poor
3. School-going aged children do not attend school and are daily laborers Child labor is more common in ultra poor households
4. Woman is daily laborer Daily labor as a main source of income indicates poverty
5. No productive assets Lacking assets signals poverty
6. Non-participant in MFI Program specifically targets those women who are not suitable for microfinance
7. Adult woman is physically able Program targets women who can work
Household Survey Guidelines:
Please refer to Appendix for questionnaire.
Steps:
1. Conduct interview with prospective member
2. FA prepares Preliminary Selection List (Refer to Appendix for format)
3. BM double-checks household survey data with prospective member
a. Ensures accuracy of data captured by FA
4. On Preliminary Selection List, BM notes if member is Selected or Not-Selected
5. Final Selection List Prepared (Refer to Appendix for format)
Members Selected and Follow-Ups
• 489 members were selected for the enterprise trainings after the randomized selection of 95 villages
• 30 members are migrated and expected to come back after some time
• Total 82 members are out of program and finding replacements with in the targeted villages
• 51 new members were selected for a new baseline survey to replace drop outs.
• They were identified in earlier PRA’s but then were unavailable for household interviews
• Some of these members are out of village during the initial Baseline survey
• Came back from in-law’s place after tragic death of their husbands
Drop Out Reasons
Final Targeting Details
Selected Sl Mandal Trained Asset transferred To be trained total members from Mandal Not in the program
56 1 Narayankhed 39 39 4 43 13
38 2 Alladurg 22 20 0 32 6
99 3 Manoor 76 71 0 76 23
34 4 Nyalkal 27 27 1 28 6
34 5 Raikode 31 30 0 31 3
68 6 Regode 40 38 2 42 26
77 7 Shankarampet 67 63 3 70 7
30 8 Kangti 28 23 1 29 1
129 9 Kalher 87 83 5 92 37
18 10 Tekmal 9 5 2 14 4
583 426 399 18 457 126
Enterprise total Trained Assets transfer To be trained Assets to be transferred Percentage Enterprise Trained Assets transfer Assets to be transferred To be trained
Buffalo 237 229 225 8 4 32.3 Live stock 372 360 12 14
Goat / Pigs / Donkey/Sheep / goat + chicken 149 143 135 6 8 19.3 Business 29 28 1 2
Kirana Shop/Cloth shop /Vegetable vending 20 18 18 2 0 3 Production 1 1 0 0
Telephone / Iron Box 3 3 3 0 0 0.5 Land lease 16 10 6 0
Basket/ shawal/Bidi making 1 1 1 0 0 0.2 Not finalised enterprise 9
Land lease 16 16 10 0 6 0.7 Total 418 399 19 25
Tailoring / bangle store 5 5 4 0 1 0.7
Hotel / Snack shop 3 3 3 0 0 0.4
Not selected final enterprise 9 0 0 9 9
Total 443 418 399 25 19
0
Total 583 59 0
Assets distributed 399 57
To be trained 9 9.1
Out of program due to various reasons 140 18.2
New members selected for baseline 0
Migrated may join
Asset Classification
Reasons for not joining in the program Never join the program(131) Dropped after attending the trainings(9)
Assets purchased 8
attending center meetings is a problem 4
Joined with earning husband / son, family members not allowing 15 1
Member expired / health problem 5
Not willing to take up any activity / doing other activity 53 3
Member / Family member in MF 12
Migrated Permanently 38 1
Total 131 9
Base Line Study:
The Base line study with a comprehensive household socio economic survey tool has been delegated to International School of Business, Hyderabad with lead taken by Shamika Ravi and Prof. Murdoch of New York University.
Mid Line Study:
Midline study is also undertaken by the same Researchers with the tools detailed in the next pages
Impact Study:
The same Research Team shall under take the end line or final impact study
Social Audit
Community based audit system wherein the short listed UPP members make village cross visits and study the process of the programme and its impact in their own community perspective. They give the feed back including the areas which need improvisation.
Household Questionnaire
Name of the Village __________________________Panchayat ______________________Mandal _______________Date ____________
Name of the Head of the household_____________________________________ Status of HH_____________ Address _______________ (Status of HH – Alone (1) with spouse (2) Spouse Migrated (3) Deceased spouse (4) Divorced (5) Migrated but sending money (6) PH (7) )
Caste - SC 1 ST 2 OC 3 BC 4 Specify __________________________________
Name of the Interviewer _____________________________________ Checked by _____________ Remarks __________________
I. Family details
S.No
(A) Name
(B) Relation with HH
(C) SEX
(D)
Age
(E) Marital Status (F) Educa-tion
(G) If Drop out reason Cost of education Skills
( J) Occupation (K) Income Remarks
(L)
(H) (I)Ask if going to schools Main
Sub Avg. per Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
C. – Spouse (1) Son / Daughter (2) Parents (3) Grand children (4) Grand parents (5) other relatives (6) Non relatives (7)
F. - Married (1) Un married (2) Divorced (3) Widow (4)
G. - Not Interested (1) for HH work (2) to look after Livestock (3) Agri labor (4) Parents Not interested (5) no teachers (6) No school (7) other (8)
J. - Own Agriculture (1) Self employed (2) daily labor (3) salaried agricultural labor (4) Salaried Employ (5) HH Work (6) Student (7) cattle grazing (8) Handicapped (9) Others (10 ) specify ________________________
II. Housing status
0 1 2 3 4 5
Ownership of House Relatives Rented Government scheme Own
Size of the house Small Medium Large
Condition of House Poor Average Good
Material of Roof Thatch Sheet Local Tiles B.Tiles Cement
Material of walls Wood Mud
Stone Brick
Cement
Electricity
None Shared
Own
Water Facility
None Shared
Own
Transportation
None Bicycle Bullock Cart Motor cycle Tractor Car
Live stock None 1 animal More than 1 animal
Land None < 1 acre dry land > 1 acre but < 3 acres of dry land < half acre of Wet land / > 3 acre dry land > half acre of Wet land > 5 acres of Dry land
III. Migration Details
1. Have you are your family members migrated in last 1 year? If yes give details
Name Period Months Work
IV. Indebtedness details
Source of Debt Reason Amount Interest Repayment Mode Present Balance Remarks
Ask for MF / SHG membership
V. Social welfare schemes
Program Knowledge Benefited or Not
Land distribution
Self help groups
Housing schemes
PDS
Old age Pension
NREGP / FFW
VI. Alternate livelihoods
Name Work (a) Experience (b) Obstacle (c )
b) Yes or No c) No Skills (1) Lack of equipment (2) No investment (3) No Market (4) Others (explain)
1. Who will bear health related expenditure?
a) Own money b) loan from local source c) land lord d) Government hospitals e) Others ___________
Who are the Ultra Poor?
Descriptive Statistics from Baseline Survey of SKS-UPP
Shamika Ravi1
Indian School of Business
June 25, 2008
The baseline survey was conducted on 1066 households from Medak district of Andhra
Pradesh, India. These households are selected based on eligibility criteria to receive the
intervention (asset transfer) in our study.2 The total number of individuals that are included in
the sample of 1066 households is 3,491. So the average household size in our sample is 3.27
members – significantly smaller than the average Indian household which is 5.3.3 In this
chapter of the analysis, we have grouped the data into three categories: the treatment, control
and the drop outs. 489 households are from control group and 439 households are from
treatment group. The descriptive statistics for the three groups are on the following topics:
1. Socio-demographics – religion, caste, family type, size of household, age, marital
status, disability, education, occupation and migration details
2. Living Conditions-- description of house, surrounding, source of drinking water, type
of latrine, source of fuel
3. Government schemes – employment scheme, pension scheme, housing scheme, credit
programs, PDS and ration
4. Household asset details – ownership of house, agricultural land and durables
5. Use of time of the ultra poor member
6. Women’s mobility – various measures
7. Political awareness and access to various functionaries
8. Physical health – health status and health care
9. Hygiene conditions – habits awareness and possessions
10. Dowry details – for daughters and sons
11. Mental health – depression, anxiety
12. Income details – source and amount
13. Other financial details -- Loans and Savings
14. Social integration details – participation in social activities
15. Monthly consumption expenditure – item wise break up
16. Children related outcomes --use of time, school attendance and aspirations
1 Shamika_ravi@isb.edu
2 SKS document on eligibility criteria June 2007 (borrowed from BRAC)
3 Census Data 2006
1. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS:
a) Religion (In percentages)
Religion Treatment Control group
Dropouts (138) Total sample
Hindu
group (439)
70.94
(489)
72.19
71.01
(1066)
71.52
Muslim 8.01
7.98
11.59
8.46
Christian
21.05
100.00
19.84
100.00
17.39
100.00
20.02
100.00
b) Caste (In percentages)
Caste Treatment
group (439)
Control group
(489)
Dropouts
(138)
Total sample
(1066)
BC
OC
SC
ST
58.22
6.62
32.65
2.51
100.00
60.76
6.82
31.61
0.83
100.00
59.56
9.56
29.41
1.41
100.00
59.52
7.09
31.74
1.61
100.00
c) Type of family (in percentages)
Type of family Treatment
group (439)
Control group
(489)
Dropouts
(138)
Total sample
(1066)
Nuclear
Extended/stem
Joint
77.40
19.86
2.74
100.00
79.71
17.83
2.46
100.00
78.10
18.25
3.65
100.00
78.55
18.72
2.73
100.00
d) Size of household (In averages)
Size of the household Treatment
group (439)
Control group
(489)
Dropouts
(138)
Total sample
(1066)
No. of hh members
No. of members > =14yrs
No. of members <14 yrs
3.32
2.14
1.22
3.19
2.01
1.23
3.36
2.37
1.05
3.27
2.11
1.21
e) Age of the ultra poor member (In percentages)
Age range Treatment Control group
Dropouts
Total sample
Less than 20
20 – 40
40 – 60
Greater than 60
group (439)
2.05
71.30
25.74
0.91
100.00
(489)
1.84
70.14
26.38
1.64
100.00
(138)
1.45
65.22
31.16
2.17
100.00
(1066)
1.88
69.98
26.74
1.41
100.00
f) Marital status of the member (In percentages)
Marital status Treatment Control group
Dropouts
Total sample
Married
Un married
Divorced
Deceased (widow)
group (439)
8.22
2.05
22.83
66.89
100.00
(489)
5.93
1.43
25.97
66.67
100.00
(138)
7.25
2.90
26.81
63.04
100.00
(1066)
7.04
1.88
24.79
66.29
100.00
g) Educational status of the member (In percentages)
Educational status Treatment Control group
Dropouts
Total sample
Literate
Illiterate
group (439)
5.02
94.98
100.00
(489)
5.11
94.89
100.00
(138)
7.25
92.75
100.00
(1066)
5.35
94.65
100.00
h) Disability: - Of the total sample, 6.10% of the members (65 members) reported some
sort of disability (25 are from treatment group; 30 are from control group and 10 from
dropouts).
i) Occupational status of the member: Of the total sample, 93.25% (994 members)
reported to have engaged in some sort of occupation. The distribution of members
across various occupations are as follows:
In percentages
Occupational status
Self employed agriculture
Agricultural labor
Non-agricultural labor
Salaried employees
Self employed non agr
Others
Total
Treatment group
(411)
6.81
86.86
2.68
0.00
3.16
0.49
100.00
Control group
(457)
5.03
84.46
4.16
0.44
5.03
0.88
100.00
Dropouts
(126)
3.17
80.95
6.35
1.59
6.35
1.59
100.00
Total sample
(994)
5.53
85.01
3.82
0.40
4.43
0.80
100.00
j) Migration details: 50 members (4.69%) including 24 from control group, 18 from
treatment group and 8 from dropouts reported to have migrated to another place for
earning livelihood during the last 12 months.
2. DESCRIPTION OF HOUSE, SURROUNDING, DRINKING WATER AND
FUEL USE:
a) Type of house (In percentages)
Type of house
Pucca
Kuchha
Thatched
Treatment
group (439)
1.14
80.37
18.49
100.00
Control group
(489)
2.47
78.60
18.93
100.00
Dropouts
(138)
1.46
84.67
13.87
100.00
Total sample
(1066)
1.79
80.11
18.10
100.00
1. The average number of rooms in the houses of the total sample is 1.56. (the number
for the treatment group is 1.52, for control group it is 1.59 and for dropouts it is 1.61)
2. Leakage during rains: 77.09% (of treatment group), 80.05% (of control group) and
81.06% (of dropouts) reported that their house leaks during rains.
3. Safety: 89.02% (of treatment group), 88.89% (of control group) and 96.7% (of
dropouts) reported that their houses can be locked safely.
4. Livestock: 14.16% (of treatment group), 9.90% (of control group) and 13.14% (of
dropouts) reported having livestock. But only 4.13% (of treatment group), 4.18% (of
control group) and 5.15% (of dropouts) reported to have separate space (stable) to
keep the livestock.
b) Source of drinking water (In percentages)
Source of drinking water
Tap
Well
Tube well/ Hand pump
Tank/Reservoir
Treatment group
47.91
4.65
45.35
2.09
Control group
53.04
3.35
43.19
0.42
Dropouts
56.82
3.03
38.64
1.52
1. Shared source of drinking water: 94.04% (of treatment group), 94.82% (of control
group) and 96.32% (of dropouts) share their source of drinking water with other
households.
2. Share source of drinking water with animals: 12.81% (of treatment group),
11.93% (of control group) and 17.52% (of dropouts) are sharing their source of
drinking water with animals.
3. Treat drinking water: 1.86% (of treatment group), 2.27% (of control group) and
5.11% (of dropouts) reported to treat the drinking water before using.
c) Type of Latrine: (In percentages)
Type of latrine
Treatment group Control group Dropouts
Open air latrine
Septic Tank / Pit toilet
d) Source of fuel: (In percentages)
1. Cooking:
99.54
0.46
98.34
1.46
97.08
2.92
Source of fuel for cooking Treatment group Control group Dropouts
Coal
Firewood
LPG
Kerosene
2. Lightening:
0.23
99.3
0.47
0.00
0.83
95.96
0.00
0.21
0.74
98.52
0.00
0.74
Source of fuel for lightening Treatment group Control group Dropouts
Kerosene
Electricity
Others
56.68
43.32
0.00
57.38
42.41
0.21
54.01
45.99
0.00
3. BENEFICIARIES OF GOVERNMENT SCHEMES:
a) Employment generating schemes (JRY/ NREGS): 39.5% of treatment group
households, 30.25% of control group and 28.89% of the dropout households are
beneficiaries of the employment generating schemes.
b) Pension Scheme: 68.42% of treatment group, 60.09% of control group and 66.42%
of dropouts are the beneficiaries of the pension scheme.
c) Housing Scheme: 17.16% of treatment group, 14.83% f control group and 19.86% of
dropouts are beneficiaries of government housing scheme.
d) Subsidized Credit Programs: 2.28% of treatment group, 2.67% of control group and
1.46% of dropout households have access to subsidized loans.
e) PDS (White/Anthyodaya cards): 92.47% of treatment households, 92.7% of control
households and 94.16% of the dropouts are availing these benefits and holding these
cards.
f) BPL Rationing: 92.2% of treatment group, 91.39% of control and 93.43% of
dropout households are availing benefits from BPL rationing.
4. HOUSEHOLD ASSET DETAILS:
a) House ownership
Ownership of Dwelling unit Treatment group Control group Dropouts
Own house
Rented
Relatives/Friend's house
69.63
1.83
28.54
72.28
4.31
23.41
71.53
3.65
24.82
b) Agricultural Land: 38.27% of treatment group, 36.40% of control group and
35.51% of dropout households reported to own some sort of agricultural land.
c) Other assets
Ownership
Name of the asset
Treatment group Control group Dropouts
Television
Telephone
Electric fan
Motorcycle
Rickshaw
Bullock cart
Bicycle
Radio/Transistor/Stereo
Gas
Sewing machine
Chair/stool
Cot
Table
Other furniture
Watch/clock
Utensils
Gold
Silver
Plough
Pumping sets
Trolley
Other implements
Poultry
Livestock
2.75
0.69
18.80
0.00
0.23
0.68
4.57
2.97
1.14
3.65
15.75
27.40
1.60
0.46
28.08
99.32
Jewelry
42.01
18.99
Agricultural Implements
1.14
0.23
0.00
0.27
4.83
4.14
3.07
0.41
17.59
0.20
0.00
0.00
3.27
2.45
0.82
2.86
11.66
22.49
1.23
0.62
30.88
99.39
41.1
16.87
1.02
0.20
0.00
0.03
2.88
3.07
4.38
1.46
23.36
0.73
0.00
0.00
7.30
6.57
0.73
5.11
15.22
26.28
1.46
1.48
33.58
98.55
42.34
16.42
2.19
0.00
0.73
0.00
5.84
9.49
4. USE OF TIME ( OF ULTRA POOR SELECTED MEMBER):
Activity Treatment group (439) Control group (489)
Dropout (139)
Collecting water
Cooking
Cleaning the home
Cleaning or caring
clothes
Caring of young /
elderly members
Gathering fuel for
cooking/lightening
Shopping
Political activities
Watching TV /
Listening to radio
Working on own
/leased in field
Rearing on own /
leased in animals
Working on own
business
Working as an
agricultural labor
Working as a maid
Working as a non-
agricultural labor
Any other work for
payment
Number*
400
416
402
366
126
40
46
2
15
8
15
14
275
3
18
1
Avg.time
(minutes/day)
42.96
71.39
32.43
49.22
59.23
108.05
74.56
105.00
72.00
221.25
106.00
330.07
431.23
160.00
366.66
600.00
Number*
443
466
450
411
121
39
73
4
24
7
9
16
269
9
26
10
Avg. time
(minutes/day)
44.02
70.48
34.04
47.79
60.55
88.84
70.56
60.75
75.00
351.42
190.11
292.50
442.63
126.66
366.92
342.20
Number*
119
125
125
111
42
7
17
1
8
2
2
10
72
3
3
7
Avg. time
(minutes/day)
40.96
69.12
29.56
46.75
63.33
47.85
102.35
30.00
90.00
300.00
45.00
288.40
445.00
160.00
340.00
210.28
* ‘Number’ refers to the total number of ultra poor members who reported this activity.
And average time spent refers to the number of minutes per day on an average for all the
members who reported this activity.
6 a. WOMEN’S MOBILITY
In percentages
Item
Went outside the village
(during last one month)
Times taken the bus
(during last one month
Visits to the parent’s
Treatment group
(439)
Number* Avg. No. of
times
421 2.64
419 2.17
Control group
(489)
Number* Avg. No. of
times
477 2.73
474 2.30
Dropouts
(138)
Number* Avg. No.
of times
135 2.17
133 1.65
village (during last 12
months)
410
1.41
438
1.32
127
1.63
Note: * It refers to the number of members who take up this activity and also reported
the number of times they have been to.
6 b. Women’s mobility
In percentages
Item
Can go unescorted to parent’s village
Can go unescorted to next village
Participation in SHG
Separate financial assets
Treatment group
(439)
34.17
34.17
47.38
59.68
Control group
(489)
35.17
35.17
41.31
60.53
Dropouts
(138)
31.88
31.88
50.58
50.72
7. POLITICAL AWARENESS AND ACCESS
7a.Political awareness
In percentages
S.No. Item
Treatment group
(439)
Control group
(489)
Dropouts
(138)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Reading newspaper
Casted vote in the last elections for
Gram Panchayat
Approached the Ward member about
the needs and issues of the village
Approached the Gram Sarpunch about
the needs and issues of the village
Accomplishment of the purpose
through Sarpunch/member
1.82
90.66
10.02
52.39
16.17
0.61
93.05
10.63
53.78
16.56
1.45
93.48
7.97
47.83
10.87
7b. Accessibility to political functionaries:
1. Ward member
Degree of accessibility
In percentages
Respondent
Treatment
group
( 439)
Control group
(489)
Dropout group
(138)
Very easy
2.51
1.84
1.45
Easy
6.38
8.38
5.80
Had to wait
0.23
0.20
0.00
Had to come
back several
times
1.14
0.20
0.72
Failure
0.46
0.41
0.00
2. Gram Sarpanch
Degree of accessibility
In percentages
Respondent
Very easy
Easy
Had to wait Had to come back
several times
Failure
Treatment
group ( 439)
Control group
(489)
Dropout group
(138)
9.34
5.73
7.25
35.76
32.92
31.88
3.42
6.95
5.80
4.33
7.36
3.62
0.46
0.61
0.00
8. PHYSICAL HEALTH
1. Ultra poor member
State of Health Treatment group
Control group
Dropout
condition over last year
Improved
Got worse
No change
(439)
24.31
27.55
48.15
(489)
23.05
29.63
47.33
(138)
21.17
26.28
52.55
2. Household members
Item/Issue
Unable to work due to
sickness(during last 30 days)
Consulted doctor (during last 30
days)
Any household member
hospitalized (during last one year)
Treatment group
(439)
210
(47.84)
214
(48.75)
50
(11.39)
Control group
(489)
234
(47.85)
226
(46.22)
60
(12.27)
Dropout
(138)
73
(52.90)
61
(44.20)
23
(16.67)
Note: The numbers in the parentheses are the percentages of the respective figures.
State of current ailment for
which treatment has been sought
New one
Recurring one
Treatment
group
(439)
62 (14.12)
147 (33.49)
Control group
(489)
79 (16.16)
147 (30.06)
Dropouts
(138)
13 (9.42)
45 (32.61)
Note: The numbers in the parentheses are the percentages of the respective figures.
3. Facilities/health care provider
Type of facility (visited)
Sub-center
Primary health care centre
Government district hospital
Private Hospital
NGO clinic
Private qualified doctor
Private compounder/nurse
Private pharmacist
Others
Treatment group
(439)
0.23
4.33
1.37
16.17
0.23
13.90
12.07
0.00
0.00
Control group
(489)
0.20
3.07
1.23
19.43
0.00
10.63
11.04
0.00
0.00
Dropouts
(138)
0.00
0.72
3.62
17.39
0.00
9.42
12.32
0.72
0.72
Item/Issue
Treatment group
(439)
Control group (489)
Dropout(138)
Avg number of days (of work)
lost (during last one month)
Number* Estimate Number* Estimate Number* Estimate
210 6.46 234 7.91 73 6.86
Average amount paid (Rs)
How long this ailment
bothering (avg no. of days)
Average number of times
visited the hospital (about
this ailment)
219
212
260
288.47
95.69
3.44
221
232
280
463.01
364.94
3.93
62
59
75
240.34
79.58
3.45
Note: * It refers to the number of member who reported.
9. HYGIENE CONDITIONS
a. Habits
In terms of percentage of households
ISSUE
Sample
Everyone always
does (%)
Some do /
Some times (%)
No one does
ever (%)
1. Wearing Sandals to the latrine
Treatment group (439)
Control group (489)
Dropouts (138)
2. Washing hands with soap/ash after
using latrine
Treatment group (439)
Control group (489)
Dropouts (138)
87.04
85.98
88.32
68.52
65.64
68.61
10.19
11.34
7.30
17.13
20.16
11.68
2.78
2.68
4.38
14.35
14.20
19.71
Sl.
No.
ISSUE
Treatment
group (439)
In terms of percentage of households
Control Dropout (138)
group (489)
1. Use of sanitary napkins by the female
members of the household
2. Registering of child’s birth
3. Administering of vaccines to the children
b. Awareness
64.27
49.53
84.10
63.24
45.86
82.77
63.64
39.55
78.76
Sl.
No.
ISSUE
Treatment
group (439)
In terms of percentage of households
Control group Dropout
(489) (138)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
About water diseases
About HIV/AIDS
About the benefits of using Iodized salt
About different family planning
methods
About public health services
Benefits of administering vaccine to
the children
About different government schemes
35.10
31.55
28.57
70.70
81.16
89.65
51.96
33.95
40.58
23.24
72.78
73.50
89.59
56.17
35.77
38.69
26.80
72.79
72.59
83.96
47.79
Note: The numbers in the parentheses are the percentages of the respective figures.
In terms of percentage of households
Ideal one to decide the timing Treatment group (439) Control group (489)
of having children
Dropout (138)
Father
Mother
Father and mother
Others (grand parents/relatives)
8.86
9.56
73.66
0.23
10.58
4.15
76.97
0.21
3.01
6.02
84.21
0.00
Sl.
Note: Around 8% of the respondents from each group have reported to have no response.
In terms of percentage of households
ISSUE Treatment Control Dropout (138)
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Awareness of punishment on the
exchange of dowry (# of respondents)
Ideal # of children (average)
Ideal age of marriage for a boy (average)
Ideal age of marriage for a girl (average)
Ideal lowest age to cast vote (average)
c. Possession
group (439)
15.29
2.15
22.80
18.53
18.54
group (489)
17.02
2.19
22.93
18.36
19.00
In terms of percentage of households
14.81
2.22
23.36
18.94
19.01
Sl. No. ISSUE
Treatment group
(439)
Control group
(489)
Dropout
(138)
1.
2.
3.
Having soap in the house
Possessing toothpaste and brush
Having/using Iodized salt
10. DOWRY
ISSUE
1. Information related to the household
having unmarried daughter
No. of households In percentages
Agreed to pay the dowry at the time
of marriage In percentages
Minimum amount of money to be
paid as dowry (average in rupees)
Maximum amount of money to be
paid as dowry (average in rupees)
2. Information related to the household
having unmarried son
No. of households In percentages
Willing to take dowry In percentages
Maximum expected dowry (average
in rupees)
97.68
29.63
44.57
Treatment group
(439)
49.53
96.36
34397.44
38131.78
51.29
82.02
47551.02
97.32
32.16
47.42
Control group
(489)
45.86
88.31
40181.21
45785.21
52.56
84.74
44811.32
98.53
35.04
38.69
Dropout (138)
39.55
89.66
48250.00
53393.94
50.39
76.12
52115.46
11. MENTAL HEALTH
In terms of percentage of selected members
ISSUE Sample
1. I felt sad….
Not at all Hardly ever All of the
time
Some of the
time
Treatment group (439)
Control group (489)
Dropouts (138)
2. I cried a lot…….
Treatment group (439)
Control group (489)
Dropouts (138)
3. I did not feel like eating…….
Treatment group (439)
Control group (489)
Dropouts (138)
4. I did not feel like doing my work….
Treatment group (439)
Control group (489)
Dropouts (138)
5. My sleep was restless…
Treatment group (439)
Control group (489)
Dropouts (138)
57.86
48.06
55.07
62.64
53.17
57.25
63.10
52.97
57.25
64.46
54.60
58.70
61.73
53.17
56.52
22.55
24.34
17.39
19.59
21.27
23.19
18.68
22.90
24.64
19.36
22.49
21.01
19.82
22.09
19.57
6.83
7.36
7.97
6.15
5.73
7.25
4.33
3.68
5.80
4.56
3.89
7.25
4.78
4.91
5.80
12.76
20.25
19.57
11.62
19.84
12.32
13.67
20.45
12.32
11.62
19.02
13.04
13.67
19.84
18.12
• 28.24% of treatment group members, 31.26% from control group and 28.68%
from dropout reported to have undergone/going the feeling of worrisome, tension
or anxiety for more than one month during last one year.
• 21.41% of treatment group, 27.40% from control group and 23.91% from
dropouts reported that they are still in such mental state.
• 4.56% of treatment group members, 4.30% from control group and 4.35% from
dropouts reported to have visited health facility or seen a health provider for the
reasons of worrisome, tense or anxious.
• 12.75% of members from treatment group, 11.45% from control group and
19.56% from dropouts reported to be confident about the better future for their
families; where as 15.26% of members from treatment group, 11.45% from
control group and 9.42% from dropouts reported to have no expectations about
the change in the situation; and 4.10% of the members from treatment group,
3.06% from control group and 4.34% from dropouts reported to be skeptical about
their future and anticipated to have situation get worsened.
• 13.21% of the members from treatment group, 9.61% from control group and
4.34% from dropouts reported to have plans to do the things to make their lives
better.
12. INCOME DETAILS:
a. Total sample (1066):
Source of income
Self employed Agriculture
Agricultural labor
Non agricultural labor
Salaried employed
Livestock
Self employment
Other sources
Total annual income
No. of
households* (%)
158 (14.82)
970 (90.99)
452 (42.40)
31 (2.91)
69 (6.47)
89 (8.35)
454 (42.59)
1055 (98.57)
Average annual income
(in Rs)
425.18
6370.31
5835.31
10852.13
1345.16
10759.48
3722.52
11337.24
Standard
deviation
5766.60
5473.96
9430.91
8080.19
5071.51
25150.44
7465.69
13470.40
* It refers to the number of households engaged in the corresponding activity.
Note: The percentages have been calculated with respective to the total size of the group.
There may be difference between the size of the group and the size (in terms of number)
reported here, as some households (11 households in total sample) reported to have zero
annual income.
b. Treatment group (439):
Source of income
Self employed Agriculture
Agricultural labor
Non agricultural labor
Salaried employed
Livestock
Self employment
Other sources
Total annual income
No. of
households* (%)
70 (15.95)
405 (92.26)
175 (39.86)
8 (1.82)
31 (7.06)
34 (7.74)
207 (47.15)
436 (99.32)
Average annual income
(in Rs)
489.19
6146.39
5591.37
10200.00
692.39
13517.71
3659.71
11060.19
Standard
deviation
7318.55
4670.26
6018.30
7708.99
1896.25
22277.89
6882.49
11881.36
* It refers to the number of households engaged in the corresponding activity.
c. Control group (489):
Source of income
Self employed Agriculture
Agricultural labor
Non agricultural labor
Salaried employed
Livestock
Self employment
Other sources
Total annual income
No. of
households* (%)
71 (14.52)
445 (91.00)
218 (44.58)
15 (3.07)
21 (4.29)
44 (9.00)
186 (38.04)
481 (98.36)
Average annual income
(in Rs)
313.59
6209.47
5112.71
10233.07
2025.62
8031.41
4127.77
10846.64
Standard
deviation
4085.52
4851.81
4883.82
7087.60
8732.71
29225.76
9098.13
12751.42
* It refers to the number of households engaged in the corresponding activity.
d. Dropout (138):
# Of Average annual income
Standard
Source of income
Self employed Agriculture
Agricultural labor
Non agricultural labor
Salaried employed
Livestock
Self employment
Other sources
Total annual income
households* (%)
17 (12.32)
120 (86.96)
59 (42.75)
8 (5.80)
17 (12.32)
11 (7.92)
61 (44.20)
138 (100.00)
(in Rs)
627.65
7722.50
9228.81
12665.00
1694.94
13146.36
2700.00
13922.57
deviation
4709.28
8944.55
21905.38
10716.91
2383.30
13816.12
1168.97
19241.75
* It refers to the number of households engaged in the corresponding activity.
13. OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION
a. Loans:
Group
Treatment group (439)
Control group (489)
Dropouts (138)
Percentage of households
(who reported to have loan outstanding)
75.51
68.72
70.45
Average amount of loan
outstanding (In rupees)
9607.52
9521.55
10517.25
Source of loan
In percentages
Source of loan
Relatives
Commercial bank
Grameen bank (RRB)
SHG/Savings group
Money lender
Friend
Neighbor
Shopkeeper
Cooperative
Others
MFI
b. Savings:
Treatment group
(439)
9.37
2.11
5.44
37.16
33.53
0.60
8.76
1.51
0.60
0.91
0.00
Control group
(489)
11.04
2.39
5.67
31.34
35.22
1.79
9.85
1.19
0.30
0.90
0.30
Dropout
(138)
4.30
1.08
3.23
41.94
38.71
1.08
6.45
1.08
0.00
1.08
1.08
• 59.45% of the households from treatment group, 49.48% from control group and
57.24% from dropouts reported that they are saving through some channel. They are
as follows:
• Channel of savings:
In percentages
Channel of savings
Bank
Post office
Piggy bank
SHG/savings group
At a reliable person
others
Treatment group
(261)
0.00
0.77
0.77
98.08
0.00
0.77
Control group
(242)
1.24
1.65
1.24
95.04
1.65
1.65
Dropouts
(79)
2.53
1.27
1.27
94.94
0.00
0.00
14. SOCIAL INTEGRATION
In terms of number of members
Committee/club
Treatment group
(439)
Participant Position
holder
Control group
(489)
Participant Position
holder
Dropouts
(138)
Participant Position
holder
Traditional
committee
Caste committee
village
2
5
1
2
2
5
5
4
0
1
0
0
Temple/Church/Mosque
Women’s organization /
Cooperative, savings
group
NGO
Youth club
Bhajan mandal
Political party
Others
7
93
1
0
3
1
0
3
96
15
2
4
2
2
9
90
4
1
2
1
1
3
90
14
3
3
3
3
5
25
2
0
0
1
0
0
27
5
0
0
0
0
• Only, 7.06 of the members from treatment group, 8.38% from control group and
2.90% are from dropouts reported that they attended the last Panchayat meeting
(grama sabha).
• Only 3.64%, 4.50% and 2.17% of the members from treatment, control and dropout
group respectively, reported that they have attended the last ward meeting.
• 1.14% of the members from treatment, 2.04% from control and1.45% from dropouts
reported that they were the victim of crime during last one year.
• 93.39% of the members from treatment group, 94.27% from control group and
92.03% from dropout groups reported to command respect among their family
members.
• 93.39% of the members from treatment group, 95.09% from control group and
94.93% of the members from dropout groups reported to command respect from the
fellow members of their village.
• 77.22% of the members from the treatment group, 74.64% from the control group and
71.74% from dropouts reported that their all villagers can be trusted, where as
17.31% from treatment, 21.06% from control and 21.74% from dropouts reported that
only some of their villagers can be trusted.
• Only 65.60%, 67.69% and 71.01% of the members from treatment, control and
dropout groups respectively reported that they do discuss their personal issues with
someone outside their close family members.
Item
15. HOUSEHOLD MONTHLY CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE
Treatment group Control group
(439) (489)
Dropouts
(138)
Food expense
Fuel expense
Other expense
Number*
(%)
435 (99.09)
435 (99.09)
435 (99.09)
Avg.
monthly
expense
(in Rupees)
912.68
205.00
185.52
Number*
(%)
489
(100.00)
486
(99.39)
488
(99.80)
Avg.
monthly
expense
(in Rupees)
929.32
213.89
207.97
Number*
(%)
138
(100.00)
138
(100.00)
138
(100.00)
Avg.
monthly
expense
(in Rupees)
891.85
178.22
167.68
Tobacco/Alcohol 152 (34.62)
Medical 422 (96.13)
Educational 223 (50.80)
Total Expense 439
366.38
182.17
107.85
163
(33.33)
458
(93.66)
245
(50.10)
489
193.63
185.56
94.18
48
(34.78)
128
(92.75)
62
(44.93)
138
236.64
163.94
135.40
(100.00)
1648.11
(100.00)
1634.99
(100.00) 1532.94
16. CHILDREN RELATED OUTCOMES
a. Use of time:
Activity Treatment group
(439)
Control group
(489)
Dropouts
(138)
Collecting water
Cooking/ helping to
cook
Cleaning home
Cleaning or
caring hhd’s clothes
Caring kids/elderly
people
Gathering fuel
Shopping
Watching TV /
Listening radio
Working on own /
leased in field
Tending own/ leased in
animals
Working for own
business
Working as agricultural
Number*
(%)
116
(26.42)
61
(13.90)
77
(17.54)
42 (9.57)
18 (4.10)
7 (1.59)
20 (4.56)
51
(11.62)
3 (0.68)
9 (2.05)
2 (0.46)
Avg. time
(minutes/day)
36.51
37.89
25.78
45.60
37.61
81.43
16.25
66.00
121.33
150.44
2.00
Number*
(%)
120
(24.54)
60 (12.27)
81 (16.56)
42 (8.59)
26 (5.32)
7 (1.43)
20 (4.09)
69 (14.11)
2 (0.41)
4 (0.82)
2 (0.41)
Avg. time
(minutes/day)
37.50
38.30
26.86
32.93
56.85
53.14
22.05
72.71
120.00
285.00
241.00
Number*
(%)
29
(21.01)
15 (10.87)
17 (12.32)
10 (7.25)
5 (3.62)
4 (2.90)
5 (3.62)
13 (9.42)
1 (0.72)
4 (2.90)
0 (0.00)
Avg. time
(minutes/day)
37.07
42.07
28.82
45.00
52.00
30.50
19.00
69.23
360.00
255.00
0.00
labor
Working as maid
14 (3.19) 326.50
5 (1.14) 145.20
15 (3.07)
3 (0.61)
384.67
40.67
1 (0.72)
0 (0.00)
480.00
0.00
Working as non-
agricultural labor
12
(2.73)
346.17
11
(2.25)
316.91
1
(0.72)
480.00
Any other work for pay 1 (0.23)
2.00
7(1.43)
129.71
0 (0.00)
0.00
Playing with other
children
Studying outside the
school
Any other activity
4 (0.91)
131
(29.84)
6 (1.37)
120.00
373.98
17.33
11 (2.25)
131
(26.79)
8 (1.64)
41.36
370.25
9.50
1 (0.72)
38
(27.54)
1 (0.72)
60.00
375.21
2.00
Note: 1. * It refers to the number of members who take up this activity and also reported
that amount of time they spent on the particular activity.
2. Average time has been expressed in terms of minutes per day.
b. Attendance of the school going children:
Activity Treatment group (439)
Control group (489)
Dropouts (138)
Number of days
Number*
(%)
Avg. time Number*
(%)
Avg. time Number*
(%)
Avg. time
attended the school
during last week
133
(30.30)
5.66
137
(28.02)
5.58
40
(28.99)
5.75
Note: 1. * It refers to the number of members who take up this activity and also reported
that number of days they spent on the particular activity.
2. Average time has been expressed in terms of number of days.
c. Aspirations for future of their children:
• 73.58% of the members from treatment group, 71.57% from control group and
69.57% from dropouts reported that they have children whose age is less than 19
years. Of them,
Aspiration of the
member over their
child by their age of 25
years
House wife
Regular employee
Whatever in-laws want
Treatment group
(323)
In percentages*
16.72
36.53
21.98
Control group
(350)
In percentages*
14.86
37.43
20.86
Dropouts
(96)
In percentages*
14.58
34.38
26.04
Note: * These percentages are calculated with respect to the number of members
(from each group) who reported to have children aged less than 19 years. And they
may not make up to 100% as some members have either not responded to this
particular question or don’t have any specific aspiration.
• Of those who reported to have children, 87.62% of the members from treatment
group reported to have a plan to see their children get married at the age of 20.49
years.
• Of those who reported to have children, 85.43% of the members from control
group reported to have a plan to see their children get married at the age of 20.85
years.
• Of those who reported to have children, 83.33% of the members from the
dropouts group reported to have a plan to see their children get married at the age
of 20.9 years.
• Of those who reported to have children, 24.15% members from treatment group,
18.57% from control group and 20.83% members from dropouts reported to have
aspiration to see their children as village surpanch.
d. Aspiration for children’s level of education
Highest level of Treatment group Control group
Dropouts
education
aspired for the
(323)
(350)
(96)
children
No. of
members*
Percentage No. of
members*
Percentage
No.of
members*
Percentage
2ndClass
4thclass
5thclass
6thclass
7thclass
8 thclass
9thclass
10thclass
Intermediate
Graduation
Post-graduation
2
0
10
5
12
5
2
153
38
26
0
0.62
0.00
3.10
1.55
3.72
1.55
0.62
47.37
11.76
8.05
0.00
1
2
11
1
19
2
2
166
38
40
0
0.29
0.57
3.14
0.29
5.43
0.57
0.57
47.43
10.86
11.43
0.00
0
1
2
1
4
1
0
42
11
7
1
0.00
1.04
2.08
1.04
4.17
1.04
0.00
43.75
11.46
7.29
1.04
Note: The percentages have been calculated with respect to the number of members from
each group that reported to have children aged less than 19 years.
* Number of members that reported respective aspiration.
Expectation from the
education
Getting job
Becoming wiser
Will not help
Treatment group
(323)
In percentages*
23.53
55.73
6.19
Control group (350)
In percentages*
24.29
58.57
3.43
Dropouts (96) In
percentages*
26.04
44.79
8.33
Note: * These percentages are calculated with respect to the number of members
(from each group) who reported to have children aged less than 19 years. And they
may not make up to 100% as some members have either not responded to this
particular question or don’t have any specific aspiration.
VI. Occupational Structure
Occupational Structure of the Household members
12%
76%
VII. Migration Details
1%
4%
7%
Self employed agriculture
Agricultural labor
No n-agricultural labo r
Salaried employee
Self employed no n-agriculture
1. Of the total working population (1754), 11.17% (196) migrates to other places in
search of work.
2. The average duration of the migration is 4.54 months (during last one year).
3. Destination of migrants - 60.43% of total migrants went to Hyderabad, 16.59
went to nearby semi urban places such as Sangareddy (7.5%), Narayan Khed
(5.35%) and Nizamabad (3.74%). The remaining 23% migrated to other rural
areas.
4. Nature of Work:
a 58.24% of the migrants are employed as non-agricultural labor(primarily
construction work).
b 31.87% of the migrants are employed mainly in services such as domestic help,
hotels etc.
c Remaining 9.89% of the migrants are employed as agricultural labors (it includes
sugar cane cutting, cattle rearing and so on).
Occupational Structure of the Migrants
10%
32%
Agricutural Labor
Non agricultural Labor
Services
58%
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
TREATMENT GROUP
Note: After few villages have been ignored due to identification problems, the total
number of households turned out to be 982, of which 53.8% are from treatment group
(528 households) and remaining 46.2% of the households (454) belong to the control
group. (THIS SHOULD BE CLARIFIED FROM RAJESH – The names of the villages in
the data don’t match the names from the earlier list that SKS send.)
1. Characteristics of the dwelling
a) In the treatment group, 80.9% of the households have kuchha houses, 16.9% of
the households have thatched houses and only 2.05% of the households have
pucca/concrete houses. The average number of rooms: 1.53
b) 76.29% of the households reported that their houses leak during rains.
c) 89.35% of the households reported that their houses can be safely locked.
d) 12.52% of the households own livestock and only 4.39% have separate stable for
animals.
2. Drinking water
A majority of the households depend on tap water- 51.26% whereas 42.72% depend
on tube wells, another 4.08% depend on open well and remaining 1.94% depends on
tank. 13.31% of the sample households share their drinking water source with
animals.
3. Latrines
98.67% of the households use open air latrine, remaining 1.33% use septic tank or pit
toilet.
4. Fuel/energy:
a) Cooking: 98.84% of the households depend on firewood for cooking, 0.58%
depend on coal; 0.39% use LPG gas (2 households) and remaining 0.19% households
use kerosene.
b) Lighting: 56.13% of the households use kerosene for lighting and 43.87% use
electricity.
5. Benefits from the Government during last one year:
a) 35.81% of the treatment households are beneficiaries of employment schemes
(JRY/NREGS).
b) 65.87% of them are beneficiaries of pension scheme (either applied or received)
c) 15.25% of them are beneficiaries of the government housing scheme (either
applied or received)
d) Only 2.09% of the treatment households have accessed subsidized credit
(applied/received).
e) 92.9% of the households are eligible to purchase provisions from PDS. It means
they have an ‘Anthyodaya’ card.
f) 92.7% of the households receive BPL rationing.
6. Asset Ownership Details of Treatment Households:
a) 87.98% of the households have their own dwelling unit, 2.88% of the households
are staying in rented house and remaining 9.13% of the households are staying
either in their relatives’ houses or friends’ houses, but are not paying any rent.
b) Of the sample households, 61.75% of households don’t own any land.
c) Of the remaining that own landholding -- 28.35% own less than 2 acres while
9.96% of the households do own more than 2 acres of the land). But they are of
poor quality and not much is cultivated on these.
d) Household and agricultural asset ownership:
Item
Television
Telephone
Electric fan
Motorcycle
Rickshaw
Bullock cart
Bicycle
Radio/Transistor/Stereo
Gas
Sewing machine
Chair/stool
Cot
Table
Other furniture
Watch/clock
Utensils
Gold
Silver
Plough
Pumping sets
Trolley
No. of households who are owning (%)
14 (2.67)
4 (0.76)
95 (18.1)
1 (0.19)
1 (0.19)
3 (0.57)
25 (4.75)
19 (3.61)
6 (1.14)
18 (3.42)
80 (15.18)
123 (23.38)
9 (1.71)
3 (0.58)
158 (30.04)
523 (99.05)
Jewelry
216 (41.06)
96 (18.39)
Agricultural Implements
8 (1.52)
1 (0.19)
1 (0.19)
7. Demographic details:
a) Type of the family: 77.86% nuclear; 22.13% joint
• Average household size of the treatment group is 3.25 members.
b) Gender: 66.89% are female members (1200) and remaining 33.11% are male
members (594)
c) Religion: 72.58% Hindus, 8.41% are Muslims and remaining 19.01% are
Christians.
d) Education: 35.81% of household members are literates and 64.19% of members
are illiterates. According to the alternate measure of literacy - 35.88% members
can read and 35.59% can write.
e) Marital status
Marital status
No. of household members Percentage
1. Married
2. Unmarried
3. Divorced
4. Widows
Total
301
843
159
491
1794
16.78
46.99
8.86
27.26
100.00
f) Disability: 2.95% are either physically (37 members) or mentally (16 members)
handicapped.
g) School going children constitutes 25.02% of the household members from the
treatment group.
h) Occupation: Of the treatment group, 49.7% of the household members are the
working members (892 members). Their occupational structure has been tabulated
in the following way
Occupation
Working members Percentage
Self employed agriculture
Agricultural labor
Non-agricultural labor
Salaried employee
53
688
106
12
5.94
77.13
11.88
1.35
Self employed non-agriculture 33
3.70
Total
892
100.00
Occupational Structure of the household members
from the treatment group
Self employed agriculture
Agricultural labor
Non-agricultural labor
Salaried employee
Self employed non-agriculture
78.51% of the households from the treatment group are headed by the female members.
Critical Analysis of Base Line process:
Targeted villages : 60 – 70
Actually Base line conducted villages – 100
Reason: ISB Researcher wanted to have 100 treatment and 100 control villages for ideal randomization finally selecting 500 treatment Households.
To minimize the time loss Program Managers decided to split the surveys in to two groups of 100 villages each and by the first week of June SKS field people finished conducting PRA’s in over 100 villages and entered the data and handed over to the ISB for randomization.
The Plan is to finish the second group of another 100 villages PRA’s by the time ISB team finishes the randomisation and the Baseline assessment in the 1st Group of 100 villages.
The move by the ISB to increase no., of villages for PRA has caused delay in the selection of beneficiaries and the targeting of the Ultra poor members as the SKS started conducting the PRA’s from March 07 and it continued till June 07 end. Also it has delayed the launch of the program by 2- 3 months as per earlier timeline.
At the same time it has given more time to learn many things about the livestock programs and health issues as SKS Field staff attended two sessions of TOT on health and two sessions of TOT on Livestock issues.
Problems faced during Village Surveys and PRA’s
Date Village Problem How it solved?
15/2/07
Muktapur (FA: E. Vittal, Venkat Reddy, and Sharnappa)
The mF center related clients and their spouse insisted that they are not informed about the PRA and also demanded ID cards from team. Provided ID cards
Involved mF Branch Manager and Field staff and sensitized them about the UPP who started appreciating and informing the mF clients all over the Project Area
29/3/07
Nagalgidda (Man) Manur (FA: P. Sailu)
Sarpanch and their relatives objected PRA and insisted that already conducted survey of the village by MDO be put to use.
First Sharnappa tried to solve this problem with Sarpanch.
Rajesh and Sharnappa impressed upon the MDO about the UPP who has given all clearances for the programme to go ahead.
18/6/07
Mypathpur (FA: Venkat Reddy and P. Sailu)
While the PRA was in progress with some ward members and locals, a local Pesticide shopper commented that including DDS everybody is doing PRA and nothing is moving beyond PRA..
Venkat Reddy impressed upon him about the UPP and also explained that as he is serving the village as Pesticides Shop Owner, we are also serving the community as registered NGO. Convinced with the persuasive explanation he started cooperating in the PRA.
03/7/07
Pothulboguda (FA: Vittal and K. Sailoo)
Ex Sarpanch of the village has raised objection and commented that SKS mF is charging high rate of interest rates.
Not solved
23/3/07
Gardegao (FA: Vittal and P. Sailu)
The area is dominated by Congress party and the Sarpanch belongs to TDP who objected to the PRA as there was no prior information to him about PRA
Sharnappa persuaded him over phone and explained about the UPP and reasons for not informing prior to PRA. Upon getting convinced about the plea he permitted the PR aand started participating.
Baseline Assessment:
ISB has hired the MODE for field investigation part of the Impact assessment, MODE has over 25 years of experience in conducting the research and data collection. MODE has started Baseline Assessment from 16th July 2007.
Families identified : 2500
Short listed UP households 1047
through PRA
Base line conducted by MODE 985 households
in villages 198
Households that could not be
Contacted 60
Reasons for non inclusion
a. Migration
b. Refusal to
MODE interview
Date of completion of Baseline: 05-09-2009
No., of days invested by MODE
On Baseline 54
ULTRA POOR PROGRAM – MIDLINE SURVEY
INTERVIEWER: COMPLETE BEFORE BEGINNING THE MODULE
1. Carry weighing machine and measuring tape
2. If available, make sure the household has the following ready:
A) NREGA JOB CARD
(NREGA = National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme; also referred to as EGS)
B) POST OFFICE PASS BOOK
1. Interviewer Name
2. Interviewer Code
3. Household ID [ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ]
Digits 1&2 are for block, digits 3&4 for village, digits 5&6 for household
4. Hamlet
5. Village
6. Gram Panchayat
7. Mandal (Block)
8. Beneficiary name (UPP member)
9. Beneficiary’s father/husband name
10. Respondent name (first try beneficiary, if not available then most knowledgeable person in household)
Name
Relation
11. Date of Asset transfer (dd/mm/yyyy)
12. Type of Asset transferred
13. Does the household have a NREGA/EGS card? YES…………………… 1
YES…………………… 2
14. NREGA Job card ID (“Unique HH ID”)
This interview Date (dd/mm/yyyy) Starting time of interview
(Hour, minute) Ending time of interview
(Hour, minute)
15. Date and time of visit
Consent
We are working with Indian School of Business, Hyderabad and are doing a survey about household enterprises and livelihood. Earlier, we did a PRA in your village in which you may have participated. We selected families in your village to receive an asset through SKS. Yours is one of these selected families. We interviewed you 9 months back in this regard. Now that you have received the asset, we would like to collect some more information. We would like to ask you about both your economic condition and your household. This form will take about 1 hour. You can choose not to answer a question at any time. The information you share with us will be kept fully confidential. Will you answer our questions?
Yes……………….1 Continue
No………………..2 End Survey
MEMBERS AND LABOR SUPPLY
First I would like to ask who the members of this household are. By that I mean all people, including children, who
• live under this “roof” or who have lived within the same house at least 30 days in the past year, and
• when they are together, they share food from a common source, and
• contribute to and/or share in a common resource pool.
INTERVIEWER: COMPLETE QUESTIONS A1.2 THROUGH A1.10 FOR ALL MEMBERS OF THE HOUSEHOLD
A1.2 RECORD NAME OF A PERSON IN THE HOUSEHOLD IN THE HOUSEHOLD IN GRID (RECORD IN GRID)
A1.3 Is this home this household member’s permanent home? YES.......................................…… 1
NO……........................................ 2
A1.4 Is this person male or female? MALE............................................ 1
FEMALE............................……… 2
A1.5 How old is this person? [ ] [ ]
Don’t Know …………………. -999
A1.6 In the last 6 months, did he/she earn any income (in cash or in kind) for the household by doing any of the following activities?
RECORD ACTIVITY CODE IN GRID
FARMING LAND OWNED OR LEASED IN BY THIS HOUSEHOLD………..…………................... 1
TENDING ANIMALS OR BIRDS OWNED OR LEASED IN BY THIS HOUSEHOLD…………..... 2
WORK IN BUSINESS OPERATED BY HOUSEHOLD MEMBER (such as a shop, hawking goods from door to door/ at a market place, providing meals/transportation or making crafts)…………………...........................….…..….. 3
FISHING………………..........................………..... 4
AGRICULTURAL LABOR…...........................….. 5
DAILY LABOR NON-AGRICULTURE........…..... 6
SALARIED/FORMAL EMPLOYMENT...………. 7
HOUSEWORK IN AN OUTSIDE HOUSEHOLD….…................................................. 8
TENDS ANIMALS IN AN OUTSIDE HOUSEHOLD………...............................………... 9
NREGA................................................................... 10
OTHER (Specify)………….…..........………….. 996
NONE (Child, elderly, etc.)…...........................… 777
→ B1.1
A1.7 How many days per week does he/she work doing this?
RECORD IN “D/W”
A1.8 In a normal day, how many hours does he/she work doing this?
RECORD IN “H/D”
A1.9 Does he/she do any of the other activities listed in A1.6? YES.......................................…… 1
NO……......................................... 2 → A1.6
A1.10 Is there anyone else living here? YES.......................................……. 1
NO…….....................................…. 2 → A1.2
→ B1.1
person
(1) person
(2) person
(3) person
(4) person
(5) person
(6) person
(7) person
(8) person
(9) person
(10)
A1.2
..........
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
A1.3 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2
A1.4 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2
Job A
A1.6
A1.7
A1.8
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Job B
A1.6
A1.7
A1.8
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Job C
A1.6
A1.7
A1.8 Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ]
Job D
A1.6
A1.7
A1.8 Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][ ] Code
[ ]
D/W
[ ]
H/D
[ ][
A1.9 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2
A1.10 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2
BUFFALO MODULE
B1.1 In the past 9 months, has anyone in the household acquired any buffalos? YES……………………………...1
NO ……………………………...2
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
→ B2.1
→ B2.1
B1.2 How many? NUMBER [ ][ ]
B1.3 How many were purchased and how many were given to them for free? PURCHASED [ ][ ]
GIVEN FOR FREE [ ][ ]
DON’T KNOW………………-999
B1.4 (If any were given) Who gave them this livestock? SKS......................................1
OTHER FAMILY MEMBER.…….2
FRIEND…........................................3
RELATIVE………………………...4
OTHER (Specify).........................996
B1.5 How much was spent to acquire these animals?
INTERVIEWER: RECORD TOTAL COST OF ALL ANIMALS OF EACH TYPE Rs:[ ] (Animal 1)
Rs:[ ] (Animal 2)
Rs:[ ] (Animal 3)
Rs:[ ] (Animal 4)
B1.6 How many months ago did they acquire this livestock? [ ] (Animal 1)
[ ] (Animal 2)
[ ] (Animal 3)
[ ] (Animal 4)
DON’T KNOW……………….-999
STOCK CHANGES
B1.7 Of the buffalos received, were any sold? Yes………………1
No…………….....2
Don’t know………-999
→ B1.9
→ B1.9
B1.8 What prices were received for the buffalos? Rs:[ ] (Animal 1)
Rs:[ ] (Animal 2)
Rs:[ ] (Animal 3)
Rs:[ ] (Animal 4)
Rs:[ ] AVERAGE PRICE
B1.9 Of the buffalos received, have any died? Yes………………1
No…………….....2
Don’t know………-999
→B1.17
→B1.17
B1.10 How many buffalos died? [ ]
Don’t know………-999
B1.11 How many months ago did the buffalos(s) die? [ ] (animal 1)
[ ] (animal 2)
[ ] (animal 3)
[ ] (animal 4)
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
B1.12 What was the cause of buffalo’s death?
(Circle all that apply) Worm……………… …1
Fever…………………..2
Diarrhoea……………. .3
Anaemia…………………4
Other (specify)…………..996
B1.14 Did you sell the carcass or the skin of the animals which died? Yes………………1
No…………….....2
Don’t know………-999
B1.16 If yes: Income in Rs
(FROM ALL ANIMALS) Rs: [ ] [ ] [ ]
Don’t know………-999
B1.17 Of the buffalos received, have any been pregnant? Yes………………1
No…………….....2
Don’t know………-999
→ B1.28
→ B1.28
B1.18 How did you manage to impregnate the buffalo? Hired….1
Neighbour’s bull given for free…..2
Own bull…………..3
Other(specify)……..996
Yet to conceive…….777
B1.19 If hired: How much did you pay (including travel expenses, if any)?
Rs: [ ]
Don’t know………-999
B1.20 Did you have difficulty in finding a partner for the buffalo? Yes……1
No……2
Don’t know……-999
B1.21 How many calves have been born? ZERO………….0
[ ] → B1.28
B1.22 After how many months since obtaining the buffalo was the first calf born? [ ] months
Pregnant but yet to give birth……2
Don’t know……..-999
B1.23 How many of the calves have died? ZERO………….0
[ ][ ] → B1.25
B1.24 Did you sell the carcass or the skin of the dead calves? Yes………………1
No…………….....2
Don’t know…..-999 If yes:
Income in Rs:
[ ] [ ] [ ]
B1.25 How many calves were sold? ZERO………………………….0
[ ][ ] → B1.28
B1.26 Why were the calves sold?
(Record verbatim)
B1.27 What prices were received for the calves? Rs: [ ] (calf 1)
Rs: [ ] (calf 2)
Rs: [ ] (calf 3)
Rs: [ ] (calf 4)
Rs: [ ] AVERAGE PRICE
INCOME FLOWS
B1.28 From which sources do you obtain buffalo fodder? (circle all that apply) PASTURE………………………..1
PURCHASED FEED…………….2
DISCARDED FOOD…………….3
HOME MADE FOOD……………4
OTHER(specify)………………996
B1.29 In the past week, how much did you spend on buffalo fodder? Rs. [ ]
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
B1.30 Have you ever not purchase enough feed for the buffalos due to lack of money last month? YES……………………………...1
NO ……………………………...2
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
B1.31 Are any of the buffalos giving milk? YES…….....1
NO………..2
DON’T KNOW….-999
→ B1.38
→ B1.38
B1.32 About how much milk (liters) on an average do you get from milk giving buffalos per day? (Recall last 7 days) [ ] liters
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
B1.33 How much of this milk (liters) do you and others in your household usually consume? ZERO………………………….0
[ ] liters
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
B1.34 How much of this milk (liters) do you usually give to others (for free)? ZERO………………………….0
[ ] liters
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
B1.35 How much of this milk do you sell on average per day? ZERO………………………….0
[ ] liters
DON’T KNOW……………...-999 → B1.38
B1.36 Where do you sell this milk? MILK COOPERATIVE………...1
TO FRIENDS/NEIGHBORS…...2
OTHER……………………….996
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
B1.37 About how much do you receive on an average per liter sold? Rs. [ ]
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
B1.38 Did you earn any other income from the buffalos (aside from sale of animals, skins or milk) in the last month? Yes………..1
No…………2
Don’t know……-999
→ B1.41
→ B1.41
B1.39 What was the source of this income? DUNG CAKES…………………….1
OTHER (Specify).........................996
B1.40 How much did you earn? Rs: [ ]
B1.41 Did you use any of the animal products (Other than milk) for own consumption in last month? Yes………………1
No……………….2
Don’t know…….-999
→ B1.44
→ B1.44
B1.42 What was the product? Cow dung made cake……….1
Others (specify)……………996
B1.43 How much would you have spent in total in last three months if you had to purchase the same amount of those from the local market? Rs: [ ]
Don’t know………………-999
B1.44 Have any of the buffalos been ill? YES……………………………...1
NO ……………………………...2
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
→ B1.52
→ B1.52
B1.45 Were you able to obtain veterinary care for any of the sick buffalos? YES……………………………...1
NO ……………………………...2
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
→ B1.51
→ B1.51
B1.46 From whom did you obtain veterinary care for the buffalos? SKS VET………………..1
OTHER VET…………………….2
OTHER(specify)………………996
B1.47 How much did you spend for the veterinary care (including visit to vet and/or treatment for animals)
Rs. [ ]
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
B1.48 Did the vet prescribe any medicine? Yes………………1
No…………….....2
Don’t know………-999
→ B1.52
→ B1.52
B1.49 Did you give those prescribed medicine to the sick buffalos? Yes………………1
No…………….....2
Don’t know………-999 → B1.52
B1.50 Why did not you give those medicines?
(Record verbatim) → B1.52
B1.51 Why did not you consult a vet? No vet is available locally……1
Did not feel the need……….2
Unable to pay the vet’s fee….3
Unable to purchase medicines…4
Other(specify)……………….-996
LABOUR
B1.52 In a usual day, how many hours do you spend tending the buffalos? [ ] hours
B1.53 In a usual day, do other household members spend time tending the buffalos? Yes……1
No……2
Don’t know..---999
→ B2.1
→ B2.1
B1.54 Member Name Member Age Hours in a usual day
GOAT / PIG / SHEEP MODULE
B2.1 In the past 9 months, has anyone in the acquired any goats, pigs or sheep? YES……………………………...1
NO ……………………………...2
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
→ B3.1
→ B3.1
B2.2 What kind of livestock?
(Circle all that apply) ITEM
Goat
Sheep
Pig
Other (specify)
1
2
3
996 NUMBER
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
B2.3 How many were purchased and how many were given to them for free? PURCHASED [ ]
GIVEN FOR FREE [ ]
DON’T KNOW………………-999
B2.4 (If any were given) Who gave them this livestock? SKS......................................1
OTHER FAMILY MEMBER.…….2
FRIEND…........................................3
RELATIVE………………………...4
OTHER (Specify).........................996
B2.5 How much was spent to acquire these animals?
INTERVIEWER: RECORD TOTAL COST OF ALL ANIMALS OF EACH TYPE Rs:[ ] (Animal 1)
Rs:[ ] (Animal 2)
Rs:[ ] (Animal 3)
Rs:[ ] (Animal 4)
Rs:[ ] (Animal 5)
B2.6 How many months ago did they acquire this livestock? [ ] (Animal 1)
[ ] (Animal 2)
[ ] (Animal 3)
[ ] (Animal 4)
[ ] (Animal 5)
DON’T KNOW……………….-999
STOCK CHANGES
B2.7 Of the ______ received, were any sold? Yes………………1
No…………….....2
Don’t know………-999
→ B2.9
→ B2.9
B2.8 What prices were received for the animals? Rs:[ ] (Animal 1)
Rs:[ ] (Animal 2)
Rs:[ ] (Animal 3)
Rs:[ ] (Animal 4)
Rs:[ ] (Animal 5)
Rs:[ ] AVERAGE PRICE
B2.9 Of the ______ received, have any died? Yes………………1
No…………….....2
Don’t know………-999
→ B2.13
→ B2.13
B2.10 How many animals died? [ ]
Don’t know………-999
B2.11 How many months ago did the animal(s) die? [ ] (animal 1)
[ ] (animal 2)
[ ] (animal 3)
[ ] (animal 4)
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
B2.12 What was the cause of animal’s death?
(Circle all that apply) Worm…………………1
Fever…………………..2
Diarrhoea……………..3
Anaemia…………………4
Other (specify)…………..996
B2.13 Of the _______ received, have any been sacrificed for religious purpose/ eaten?
Yes………..1
No…………2
Don’t know……-999
→ B2.17
→ B2.17
B2.14 If Yes, number of animals:
Don’t know………-999
[ ]
B2.15 Did you sell the carcass or the skin of the animals which died or were sacrificed? Yes………………1
No…………….....2
Don’t know………-999
B2.16 If yes: Income in Rs
(FROM ALL ANIMALS) Rs: [ ]
Don’t know………-999
B2.17 Of the ______ received, have any been pregnant? Yes………………1
No…………….....2
Don’t know………-999
→ B2.28
→ B2.28
B2.18 How did you manage to impregnate the ____? Hired….1
Neighbor’s male _____ given for free…..2
Own male_____………..3
Other(specify)……996
Yet to conceive…..777
B2.19 If hired: How much did you pay (including travel expenses, if any)?
Rs: [ ]
Don’t know………-999
B2.20 Did you have difficulty in finding a partner for the female ________ Yes……1
No……2
Don’t know……-999
B2.21 How many _____ calves have been born? ZERO………….0
[ ]
→ B2.28
B2.22 After how many months since obtaining the ________ was the first calf born? [ ] months
Pregnant but yet to give birth……2
Don’t know……..-999
B2.23 How many of the calves have died? ZERO………….0
[ ] → B2.25
B2.24 Did you sell the carcass or the skin of the dead calves? Yes………………1
No…………….....2
Don’t know…..-999 If yes:
Income in Rs:
[ ]
B2.25 How many _______ calves were sold? ZERO………………………….0
[ ] →B2.28
B2.26 Why were the calves sold?
(Record verbatim)
B2.27 What prices were received for the calves? Rs: [ ] (calf 1)
Rs: [ ] (calf 2)
Rs: [ ] (calf 3)
Rs: [ ] (calf 4)
Rs: [ ] AVERAGE PRICE
INCOME FLOWS
B2.28 Did you earn any other income from the animals (not including sale of animal or skin) in last month? Yes………..1
No…………2
Don’t know……-999
→B2.31
→B2.31
B2.29 What was the source of this income? SALE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS(milk, wool, etc) ..........1
OTHER (Specify).........................996
B2.30 How much did you earn in the last month? Rs: [ ]
B2.31 Did you use any of the animal products for own consumption in last month? Yes………………1
No……………….2
Don’t know…….-999
→B2.34
→B2.34
B2.32 What was the product? Wool/fur……………..……….1
Milk…………………………..2
Others (specify)……………996
B2.33 How much you would have spent in total in the last month if you had to purchase the same amount of those from the local market? Rs: [ ]
Don’t know………………-999
B2.34 From which sources do you obtain animal fodder? (circle all that apply) PASTURE………………………..1
PURCHASED FEED…………….2
DISCARDED FOOD…………….3
HOME MADE FOOD……………4
OTHER(specify)………………996
B2.35 In the past week, how much did you spend on animal fodder? Rs. [ ]
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
B2.36 Have you even not purchased enough feed for the animals due to lack of money last month? YES……………………………...1
NO ……………………………...2
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
B2.37 Have any of the animals been ill? YES……………………………...1
NO ……………………………...2
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
→ B2.45
→ B2.45
B2.38 Were you able to obtain veterinary care for any of the sick animals? YES……………………………...1
NO ……………………………...2
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
→ B2.44
→ B2.44
B2.39 From whom did you obtain veterinary care for the animals? SKS VET………………..1
OTHER VET…………………….2
OTHER(specify)………………996
B2.40 How much did you spend for the veterinary care (including visit to vet and/or treatment for animals)
Rs. [ ]
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
B2.41 Did the vet prescribe any medicine? Yes………………1
No…………….....2
Don’t know………-999
→ B2.45
→ B2.45
B2.42 Did you give those prescribed medicine to any of the sick animals? Yes………………1
No…………….....2
Don’t know………-999 → B2.45
→ B2.45
B2.43 Why did not you give those medicines?
(Record Verbatim)
B2.44 Why did not you consult a vet? No vet is available locally……1
Did not feel the need……….2
Unable to pay the vet’s fee….3
Unable to purchase medicines…4
Other(specify)……………….996
LABOUR
B2.45 In a usual day, how many hours do you spend tending the _______? [ ] hours
B2.46 In a usual day, do other household members spend time tending the goats? Yes……..1
No………2
Don’t know…-999
→ B3.1
→ B3.1
B2.47 Member Name Member Age Hours in a usual day
OTHER ENTERPRISES MODULE
B3.1
In the last 9 months, has anyone in the household operated a non-farm enterprise (such as grocery store, vegetable vending, land lease, tailoring, eateries, etc.)? Yes……1
No……2
Don’t know..---999
→ T0.1
→ T0.1
B3.2 Was this person given any items to start this enterprise free of charge? Yes……1
No……2
Don’t know..---999
→ B3.5
→ B3.5
B3.3 What were these items? Item 1:
Item 2:
Item 3:
Item 4:
Item 5:
B3.4 Who gave them these items? SKS......................................1
OTHER FAMILY MEMBER.…….2
FRIEND…........................................3
RELATIVE………………………...4
OTHER (Specify).........................996
B3.5 Did this person purchase any items (except merchandise) to operate this enterprise?
(ONLY NON-MERCAHNDISE ITEMS WHICH ARE NOT RESOLD -- SUCH AS MACHINES, CONTAINERS OR TOOLS. Yes……1
No……2
Don’t know...---999
→ B3.8
→ B3.8
B3.6 What were these items? Item 1:
Item 2:
Item 3:
Item 4:
Item 5:
B3.7 How much was spent on these items? Item 1: Rs. [ ]
Item 2: Rs. [ ]
Item 3: Rs. [ ]
Item 4: Rs. [ ]
Don’t know..---999
B3.8 In the past month, has the enterprise generated any income for the household? YES……………………………...1
NO ……………………………...2
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
→B3.12
→B3.12
INTERVIEWER: IN “SOURCE OF INCOME” RECORD ITEM SOLD (e.g. Saree) OR SERVICE GIVEN (e.g. paddy husking)
IN “REVENUE” RECORD HOW MUCH MONEY THEY RECEIVED FOR THE GOOD OR SERVICE OVER THE LAST MONTH
IN “COST” RECORD HOW MUCH THEY PAID TO ACQUIRE THE GOOD OR HOW MUCH IT COST THEM TO PROVIDE THE SERVICE OVER THE LAST MONTH
IN “TOTAL” ADD ALL ENTRIES IN THE COLUMN (REVENUE or COST)
B3.9 A.SOURCE OF INCOME B.REVENUE
(PRICE × QUANTITY) C.COST (INCLUSIVE OF TRAVEL AND OTHER EXPENSES)
B3.10 TOTAL Total Revenue:
Total Cost:
B3.11 Total income earned over past month(Total of B-Total of C)
B3.12 In a usual week, how many hours do you spend working with this asset? [ ] hours
B3.13 In a usual week, do other household members spend time working with this asset? YES……………………………...1
NO ……………………………...2
DON’T KNOW……………...-999
→ T0.1
→ T0.1
B3.14 Member Name Member Age Member Sex Hours in a usual week
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
FEEDBACK ON TRAINING
(INTERVIEWER CHECKPOINT: Fill in this section if the beneficiary is interviewed)
T0.1 Did you receive any training from SKS before getting the assets? Yes……………………………. 1
No…………………………….. 2
Ignorant about any training.….. 3
Training centre too far……… 4
Training is too hard………… 5
Afraid of training…………… 6
DON’T KNOW…………… -999
→ T1.1
→ T1.1
→ T1.1
→ T1.1
→ T1.1
→ T1.1
T0.2 What sort of training was it?
(Circle all those apply) Cow rearing………………… 1
Goat rearing…………………. 2
Cow and goat rearing…………. 3
Pig rearing……………………. 4
Sheep rearing…………………. 5
Non-farm…………………… 6
Others (specify)……………. 996
→ T0.3
→ T0.4
T1.1 What are the common diseases that cows/goats/pigs/sheep usually suffer from?
(Circle all those apply)
DO NOT READ OUT THE OPTIONS. PPR/Worm……………………. 1
Diarrohoea……………………. 2
Fever………………………….. 3
Oral infection…………………. 4
Swelling of throat…………..... 5
Epilepsy………………………. 6
Lice…………………………… 7
Pox……………………………. 8
Cholera………………………. 9
Others (specify)..…………. 996
T1.2 What are the common symptoms of these diseases?
(Circle all those apply)
DO NOT READ OUT THE OPTIONS.
Loss of appetite………………. .1
Looks drowsy ………….......... 2
Barks less…………………….. 3
Loss of mobility..…………….. 4
Swelling of limbs…………….. 5
Red eyes………………………. 6
Secretion from nose and mouth………………………… 7
Loose stool with bad odour…………………………. 8
Loss of weight………………… 9
Others (specify)..…………. 996
T1.3 What preliminary in-house treatment will you do in case your animals fall sick?
(Record verbatim)
T1.4 What precautions should you take to protect your animals from these diseases?
(Circle all those apply)
DO NOT READ OUT THE OPTIONS. Protect from direct sun…………..….1
Will keep the shed clean………..…...2
Protect from mosquitoes…………….3
Provide enough fodder for nutrition...4
Others(Specify)…………………..996
T2.1 What special care will you adopt for the pregnant animals?
(Circle all those apply)
DO NOT READ OUT THE OPTIONS. Will try to keep the animal at home
as much as possible…………………1
Will provide enough food………..…2
Will take the animal myself to the pasture……………………………....3
Will try to protect from any injury….4
Others (Specify)………………….996
T2.2 What special care will you adopt for the newly born calves?
(Circle all those apply)
DO NOT READ OUT THE OPTIONS. Will try to ensure breast milk for the calves………………………………..1
Will take care of the animal…………2
Will protect calves from any injury…3
Will keep the calves in a dry place.....4
Bathing prohibited…………………..5
Others (Specify)………………….996
T0.3 What aspects of business did you learn about?
(Circle all those apply)
DO NOT READ OUT THE OPTIONS. What business would be profitable ...1
From where to get cheap raw materials………………………….…2
How to deal with customers……..….3
Basics of book keeping………….…..4
Others (Specify)………………….996
T0.4 What is your opinion about the duration of the training session?
READ OUT THE OPTIONS. Too Long…………..1
Proper Duration……2
Too short…………..3
DON’T KNOW…-999
T0.5 What is your opinion about the contents of the training? Too much………….1
Too little…………...2
Perfect……………..3
T0.6 Did you have any difficulty in reaching SKS’s training centre?
READ OUT THE OPTIONS. Yes…………………1
No………………….2
DON’T KNOW…-999
→ T0.8
→ T0.8
T0.7 Tell us about your difficulty.
(Record verbatim)
T0.8 Did you understand the lessons taught in the training?
Not at all……………1
Partially……………..2
Fully…………….…..3
DON’T KNOW…-999
T0.9 Would you like to attend similar trainings in future? Yes…………………………………..1
Yes if other beneficiaries also attend..3
No………………………………...…2
DON’T KNOW..………………...-999
→ T3.1
→ T3.1
T0.10 What topics would you like to get training on in future?
(Record verbatim)
T3.1 Do you attend the weekly meetings? Yes……………………. 1
No…………………… 2
DON’T KNOW…… -999
→ C1.1
→ C1.1
T3.2 Have you missed any weekly meetings? Yes……………………. 1
No…………………… 2
DON’T KNOW…… -999
→ T3.4
→ T3.4
T3.3 Why have you missed the meetings?
(Circle all those apply)
Had no time ………… 1
Was not interested ….. 2
Was sick………….…. 3
Was afraid...…………. 4
DON’T KNOW…… -999
T3.4 What happened when you missed the meetings?
(Record verbatim)
T3.5 Are the weekly meetings useful? Yes……………………. 1
No…………………… 2
DON’T KNOW…… -999
→ T3.7
T3.6 Why do you think these are useful?
(Record verbatim)
T3.7 Why do you think these are not useful?
(Record verbatim)
T3.8 What is the main purpose of these weekly meetings?
(Circle all those apply)
Discuss problems and find solutions... 1
Increase the knowledge on social
and health topics …………………… 2
Securing savings collection………… 3
Monitoring of the maintenance or
well-being of the assets transferred.... 4
Monitoring of business success…….. 5
DON’T KNOW………………… -999
Others (Specify)………………… 996
SOCIAL INTERACTION / WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT
C1.1 Do you talk to anyone regularly (every one month or more often) about your livelihood activities (e.g. caring for animals, operating a small enterprise, etc.)? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW .................-999
→C1.3
→C1.3
C1.2 Who do you regularly talk to?
(Select all that apply) FAMILY…………………..1
FRIEND…………………...2
NEIGHBOR…………….…3
SKS STAFF……………….4
OTHER (Specify)………996
C1.3 Do you currently receive any regular allowance from anyone to help you operate an enterprise, care for your animals or meet household expenses? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW .................-999
→C1.6
→C1.6
C1.4 From whom do your receive this allowance? FAMILY…………………..1
FRIEND…………………...2
NEIGHBOR…………….…3
SKS STAFF……………….4
OTHER (Specify)………996
C1.5 How much is this allowance and how often do you receive it?
INTERVIEWER: RECORD TIME UNIT, THEN CONVERT TO WEEKLY AMOUNT Rs. [ ][ ][ ] per
DAY / WEEK / MONTH
IF DAY MULTIPLY BY 7
IF MONTH DIVIDE BY 4
Rs. [ ][ ][ ] per WEEK
C1.6 Do you talk to anyone about your plans for your future, such as saving for emergencies or how you will make your living next year? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW .................-999
→C1.8
→C1.8
C1.7 Who do you talk to about plans for your future? FAMILY…………………..1
FRIEND…………………...2
NEIGHBOR…………….…3
SKS STAFF……………….4
OTHER (Specify)………996
C1.8 In the last 9 months, has there been any situation where you needed to go to someone outside your village for advice or help? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW .................-999
→ C1.13
→ C1.13
INTERVIEWER: ASK QUESTIONS C1.9 through C1.12 FOR EACH EVENT (RECORD IN GRID BELOW )
C1.9 What was the reason you needed this advice or help?
C1.10 Who did you seek for this advice or help? FAMILY…………………..1
FRIEND…………………...2
NEIGHBOR…………….…3
SKS STAFF……………….4
OTHER (Specify)………996
C1.11 Was this person able to help you or give you advice? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW .................-999
C1.12 Is this situation resolved? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW .................-999
Incident (1) Incident (2) Incident (3) Incident (4) Incident (5)
C1.9
C1.10 1
2
3
4
996 1
2
3
4
996 1
2
3
4
996 1
2
3
4
996 1
2
3
4
996
C1.11 1
2
-999 1
2
-999 1
2
-999 1
2
-999 1
2
-999
C1.12 1
2
-999 1
2
-999 1
2
-999 1
2
-999 1
2
-999
C1.13 In the last 9 months, has there been any situation where you provided advice or help to someone outside your village? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW .................-999
→ C1.18
→ C1.18
INTERVIEWER: ASK QUESTIONS C1.14 through C1.17 FOR EACH EVENT (RECORD IN GRID BELOW)
C1.14 What was the reason you were asked for advice or help?
C1.15 Who asked you the advice or help? FAMILY MEMBER ……..1
FRIEND…………………...2
NEIGHBOR…………….…3
OTHER (Specify)………996
C1.16 Have you been able to help or give advice to that person? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW .................-999
C1.17 Is the situation resolved? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW .................-999
Incident (1) Incident (2) Incident (3) Incident (4) Incident (5)
C1.14
C1.15 1
2
3
4
996 1
2
3
4
996 1
2
3
4
996 1
2
3
4
996 1
2
3
4
996
C1.16 1
2
-999 1
2
-999 1
2
-999 1
2
-999 1
2
-999
C1.17 1
2
-999 1
2
-999 1
2
-999 1
2
-999 1
2
-999
C1.18 In the last 9 months, have you joined a self help group (SHG) or any other new group? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW .................-999
SAVINGS
E0.1 Does anyone in your household have a bank or a savings account? YES.............................................. 1
NO.............................................. ... 2
DON’T KNOW ....................... -999
→ F0.1
→ F0.1
E0.2 Where is this account held?
(Circle all that apply) SKS……………………………… 1
OTHER MFI…………………...... 2
SHG……………………………… 3
COMMERCIAL BANK…………. 4
POST OFFICE…………………… 5
AT HOME (CASH)……………… 6
OTHER………………………. 996
DON’T KNOW……………… -999
E0.3 In total, how much did the household save in the last 30 days? Rs. [ ]
DON’T KNOW………………-999
E0.4 What is the current total savings balance of the household? Rs. [ ]
DON’T KNOW……………… -999
E0.5 In total, how much did the household take out of the savings accounts in the last 30 days? Rs. [ ]
DON’T KNOW……………… -999
→ F0.1
E0.6 What was the use of this withdrawal? MEDICAL EXPENSE…………. ………….. 1
FOOD………………………………………. 2
HOUSEHOLD GOODS (e.g.fridge, TV)...... 3
WEDDING………………………………… 4
FESTIVAL…………………………………… 5
PURCHASE ANIMALS (cow,goat, etc.)........ 6
PURCHASE FODDER……………………… 7
PURCHASE VET MEDICINES……………. 8
HOUSEHOLD BUSINESS………………….. 9
PAY BACK LOAN TAKEN BEFORE THE ASSETS WERE RECEIVED…….............. 10
PAY BACK LOAN TAKEN AFTER
GETTING ASSETS…………………..…… 11
TO LEND TO SOMEONE………………… 12
OTHER(Specify)……………………….... 996
DON’T KNOW ........................................ -999
→ E0.7
E0.7 Whom did you lend money to? FAMILY MEMBER …………….1
FRIEND…………………........... 2
NEIGHBOR…………….……… 3
OTHER (Specify)……………. 996
E0.8 If you had the choice between 1000 Rs. in one year and an amount of money X today, how large would X have to be for you to prefer it?
INTERVIEWER: Start with
X0 =1000 Rs., then go down in steps of 50 Rs., that is
X1 = 950 Rs, X2 = 900 Rs, etc., until the point of indifference is reached. Note that down. [ ] Rs.
FAMILY SITUATION: EDUCATION
F0.1 Are there any members of your household between 5 and 14 years old? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW……….-999
→ F0.5
→ F0.5
F0.2 Are all of these members attending school? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW……….-999 → F0.5
→ F0.5
F0.3 For those who are not attending school, how many are female/male? [ ] (female)
[ ] (male)
F0.4 For those who are not attending school, why are they not attending school?
(Circle all that apply) TOO YOUNG……………....………1
TOO OLD / FINISHED …………....2
ILL / DISABLED……………….…..3
PREGNANT / HAS CHILD………..4
SCHOOL TOO HARD……………..5
NO MONEY FOR FEES/SCHOOL SUPPLIES (books, uniforms, etc.).....6
WORKING / EARN MONEY….…..7
NO SCHOOL LOCALLY………….8
NO SPACE FOR AN ADDITONAL STUDENT…...……..9
LOST INTEREST……………..…..10
TEACHER BEATS………………..11
LACK OF TEACHING.…………..12
NEEDED FOR HOUSEWORK…...13
NEEDED TO TEND ANIMALS….14
NEEDED TO HELP WITH HOUSEHOLD AGRICULTURE…15
NEEDED TO HELP WITH HOUSEHOLD BUSINESS………..16
PARENTS NOT INTERESTED.….17
IS MARRIED/TO BE MARRIED...18
OTHER (Specify)……….………..996
DON’T KNOW/WON’T SAY….-999
FAMILY SITUATION: FOOD SECURITY
F0.5 In the last 3 months, did anyone in your household ever cut the size of meals or skip meals because there was not enough money for food? YES...................................................... 1
NO..................................... ………….. 2
DON’T KNOW………………….. -999
→ F0.7
→ F0.7
F0.6 How often did this happen? (READ OUT OPTIONS)
ALMOST EVERY WEEK………..… 1
SOME WEEKS BUT NOT
EVERY WEEK ……………………. 2
ONLY 1 OR 2 WEEKS ..…………… 3
F0.7 In the last 3 months, did anyone in your household ever not eat for a whole day because there wasn’t enough money for food? YES...................................................... 1
NO..................................... ………….. 2
DON’T KNOW………………….. -999
→ F0.9
→ F0.9
F0.8 How often did this happen? (READ OUT OPTIONS)
ALMOST EVERY WEEK………..… 1
SOME WEEKS BUT NOT
EVERY WEEK ……………………. 2
ONLY 1 OR 2 WEEKS ..…………… 3
F0.9 Compared to this time (season) last year, would you say your household’s economic situation has . . . IMPROVED………………………… 1
BECOME WORSE…………………. 2
STAYED THE SAME……………… 3
DON’T KNOW……………….…. -999
→ F0.11
F0.10 Why do you say that your situation has improved/ gotten worse/stayed the same?
(Record verbatim response)
F0.11 How would this household classify its financial situation these days? On this ladder, with the top of the ladder being very comfortable and the bottom being extremely poor, where would you place your household?
1…2…3…4…5…6…7…8…9…10
DO NOT KNOW..............–999
FAMILY SITUATION: HEALTH
INTERVIEWER: USE WEIGHING MACHINE AND MEASURING TAPE
H0.1 Are there any children below 10 years old in your household? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW……….-999
→ R0.1
→ R0.1
H0.2 What is the height of these children?
H0.3 What is the weight of these children?
Child 1 Child 2 Child 3 Child 4 Child 5 Child 6
H0.2 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
H0.3 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
RISK
R0.1 In the last 9 months, has one of the following events taken place?
(Circle all that apply) Death of a household member................................. 1 1
Death of a family member living in another place…2 2
Serious injury / illness keeping HH member from normal activities……………………………………3
Loss of regular job of a household member………..4
Cut-off or decrease to government grants………...5
Abandonment or divorce…………………………...6
Theft of household property………………………..7
Victim of crime…………………………………….8
Fire or destruction of household property………….9
Loss of crop or livestock………………………….10
Failure of business or bankruptcy………………...11
Wedding…………………………………………..12
Initiation/Ceremony………………………………13
Birth………………………………………………14
Did not receive regular remittance from someone outside home……………………………………...15
Other (specify in box)………………………….. 996
NONE……………….………………………….-999
→ S01
R0.2 How much did it cost to cope with the event? Rs:[ ] (Event 1)
Rs:[ ] (Event 2)
Rs:[ ] (Event 3)
Rs:[ ] (Event 4)
R0.3 Where did the money come from? Household member / self …………1
Non-household relative …………2
Neighbor or friends …………3
Work colleagues …………4
Chit fund – own …………5
Chit fund lending …………6
Religious trust …………7
Bank …………8
Cash loan …………9
Money lender …………10
Cooperative Society …………11
Shop/shopkeeper …………12
Government …………13
Road accident fund …………14
Employer …………15
Microfinance Institution (MFI) …………16
Others (specify) …………996 → S01
EXPENDITURE DETAILS
INTERVIEWER: Only include things that were bought, not given!
A1) MAIN EXPENSES: FOOD
Item a.1 How often do you buy these?
Code – Choose from options a.2 How much did you spend last time you bought this?
In Rupeess a.3 In the last 30 days, did you consume such products from own production? a.4 What was the value of that own production consumed?
In Rupeess
S0.1 FOOD 1: Cereals & cereal products (rice, maize, wheat, etc.), pulses & pulse products (all different sorts of dal)
Y N
S0.2 FOOD 2: Milk & milk products (milk, ghee, dahi, chach)
Y N
S0.3 FOOD 3: Vegetables (onions and potatoes come here), fruits & nuts
Y N
S0.4 FOOD 4: Egg, fish & meat Y N
S0.5 FOOD 5: Other food items (edible oil, sugar, salt, spices, beverages, processed food, etc.)
Don’t forget outside food, tea leaves, garlic, gur, namkeens, biscuits
Y N
A2) MAIN EXPENSES: OTHER
a.1 How often do you buy these?
Code – Choose from options a.2 How much did you spend last time you bought this?
In Rupeess
S0.6 Electricity
S0.7 Other Energy Forms (Kerosene, wood)
S0.8 Household Products (washing powder, toothpaste, soap, shampoo) Make sure that this isn’t part of the food bill!
S0.9 Transport costs (taxi/bus/train fare, pay for lift) to go to work, to participate in NREGA, to go school, to go for shopping
Codes for Qa.1
01=Daily 04=Monthly 07=annually
02=Weekly 05=Quarterly 08=Form time to time
03=Fortnightly 06= Half yearly 09=Other (specify in box)
B OTHER HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES
Item 7b.1 Do you pay cash for any of these? 7b.2 How often do you pay for these things?
Code – Choose from the section Qa.1) 7b.3 How much do you spend each time you buy?
In Rupees
S1.0 Rent Y N
S1.1 Water Y N
S1.2 Rates and Taxes (Only if own house) Incl. Sanitation and Refuse Y N
S1.3 Gambling Y N
S1.4 Shoes – adult and children Y N
S1.5 Clothing – adult and children, other than for school Y N
S1.6 Cigarettes, tobacco Y N
S1.7 Alcohol Y N
S1.8 Entertainment (cinema, sports, music) Y N
S1.9 Personal (haircut, hair products, etc) Y N
S2.0 Newspapers, stationery, magazine Y N
S2.1 Domestic workers (maid/gardener) Y N
S2.2 Kitchen Equipment (Pots, pans) Y N
S2.3 Telephone (Land Line) Y N
S2.4 Cell phone Y N
S2.5 Bedding, towels, sheets, blankets Y N
C HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES ON HEALTH
Item c.1 How many times in the last year have you paid for these?
Number c.2 How much did you pay each time?
In Rupees c.3 How did you get the money?
Code – Choose from options below c.4 If borrowed, are you still paying for it?
S2.6 Doctor, dentist, nurses, clinic (paid cash, not on medical aid) Y N
S2.7 Medicines and supplies Y N
S2.8 Travel related expenses for health problems Y N
S2.9 Traditional healer’s fees Y N
S3.0 Home Maintenance (Repairing roof, walls, door etc and building new shack/ one off gardening) Y N
S3.1 Actual Funeral Y N
S3.2 Traditional Feast/initiation Y N
S3.3 Weddings Y N
S3.4 Other (Please specify) Y N
Codes for Qc.3
01=Used savings 05=Borrowed from money lender
02=borrowed from neighbor / friend 06=Chit Fund
03=Sold an asset 07= SHG loan
04=Had the cash 08= Other (specify in box)
D ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES ON EDUCATION
Item d.1 How much do you need to pay in total this year?
In Rupees d.2 How often do you have to pay for this?
Code – Choose from options below d.3 If annually, in what month do you have to pay?
Number d.4 What happens when you don’t pay on time or kids don’t have uniforms?
Code – Choose from options below d.5 How do you pay?
(Source for the expense)
S3.6 Clothing – School Uniforms
S3.7 School fees
S3.8 School books
S3.9 Boarding fees
S4.0 Extra fees/school outings
S4.1 Contributions to school buildings
S4.2 Extra cost for teachers
Code for Qd.2
01=once a month
02=twice a year
03=once a quarter
04=annually
05=From time to time Code for Qd.4
01=get evicted/ suspended
02=pull kids out of school (by choice)
04=humiliated
06=nothing
07=don’t get books
08=Others (specify in box)
D WHAT OTHER EXPENSES DO YOU INCUR? (Did we get everything?)
Item e.1 How often do you pay for this item?
Code – Choose from the section Qa.1) e.2 How much do you spend
In Rupees
ASSETS DETAILS
HOUSEHOLD ASSETS
Assets Yes/ No (Y/N) If yes, How many? Age of the asset
W0.1 TV(color / b&w)
W0.2 Telephone
W0.3 Electronic fan
W0.4 Fridge
W0.5 Motorcycle
W0.6 Rickshaw
W0.7 Bullock cart
W0.8 Bicycle
W0.9 Radio/ Transistor/ Stereo
W1.0 Gas
W1.1 Sewing machine
W1.2 Chair/stool
W1.3 Cot
W1.4 Table
W1.5 Watch / Clock
W1.6 Jewelry Gold
W1.7 Jewelry Silver
W1.8 Utensils
W1.9 Others Specify
AGRICULTURAL ASSETS
Assets No. owned Age of the asset No. leased in Age of the asset
W2.0 Plough
W2.1 Tractor
W2.2 Pumping sets/tube
W2.3 Trolley
W2.4 Fodder machine
NREGA
N0.1 Have you or any member of the household worked for the employment guarantee scheme (NREGA, EGS) during the last 12 months? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW……….-999 → N0.3
N0.2 Why are you not participating in NREGA?
(Circle all that apply) Have enough other work................................... 1
Salary is too low ........................................... 2
Payment of salary is not reliable
(due to corruption) .......................................... 3
Demanded work but was not provided one......4
The NREGA work is too hard......................... 5
DON’T KNOW……................................. -999
Other (specify)…………………………..... 996
→ End of Survey
→ End of Survey
→ End of Survey
→ End of Survey
→ End of Survey
→ End of Survey
→ End of Survey
N0.3 When did your household work for NREGA for the first time?
(mm/yyyy)
N0.4 How many members of your household have already worked for NREGA?
N0.5 JOB CARD DETAILS (Record in Grid)
INTERVIEWER: Replicate all the entries made in the job card during the period October 2007 to September 2008.
If the household worked for NREGA but has NO JOB CARD, fill out the grid out from memory of the household.
I Details of Work
Name of laborer From (dd/mm/yyyy) To (dd/mm/yyyy) Total No. of Days worked
II Details of Payment
Name of laborer No. of days for which wages paid Amount paid Rs. Payment date (dd/mm/yyyy)
N0.6 POST PASS BOOK DETAILS (Record in Grid)
INTERVIEWER: Replicate all the entries made in the post pass book during the period Oct. 2007 to Sept. 2008.
If the household worked for NREGA but has NO JOB CARD, fill out the grid out from memory of the household.
Date of Transaction Type of Transaction
Code – Choose from options Withdrawal Deposit
Code for transaction type: 01=Pay slip 02=cash 03=check
N0.7 Did you always receive the full payment after you had worked for NREGA? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW……….-999 → N0.9
N0.8 Why did you not receive the full payment? Because of corruption……………………………… 1
Because I have no post account…………………… 2
Because the work completed was not sanctioned…. 3
Because my working days were not entered in
the muster roll……………………………………... 4
Because the payment order was not proceeded …… 5
Others (Specify)....………………………………… 6
DON’T KNOW………………………………… -999
N0.9 Have you ever had to bribe anyone in NREGA? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW……….-999
→ N1.1
→ N1.1
N1.0 Details of bribery (Record in Grid)
Reason of bribery: To get a job card To get work To get payment Other (Specify)
How many times did you have to bribe in last year?
How much (Rs.) per time?
Whom did you have to bribe?
Code – Choose from options
01= Mate
02= Field Assistant (FA)
03= Technical Assistant (TA)
04= Branch Post Master (BPM)
05= Other (record verbatim)
N1.1 If NREGA didn’t exist, what would you or any other household member have worked instead?
(Circle all that apply) FARMING LAND OWNED OR LEASED IN BY THIS HOUSEHOLD………..………….................1
TENDING ANIMALS OR BIRDS OWNED OR LEASED IN BY THIS HOUSEHOLD…………...2
WORK IN BUSINESS OPERATED BY HOUSEHOLD MEMBER (such as a shop, hawking goods from door to door/ at a market place, providing meals/transportation or making crafts)…………………...........................….…..… 3
AGRICULTURAL LABOR…...........................…5
DAILY LABOR NON-AGRICULTURE........…...6
SALARIED/FORMAL EMPLOYMENT...………7
HOUSEWORK IN AN OUTSIDE HOUSEHOLD….…................................................8
TENDS ANIMALS IN AN OUTSIDE HOUSEHOLD………...............................………..9
OTHER (Specify)………….…..........…………..996
NONE (Child, elderly, etc.)…...........................……..777
N1.2 How much would your household have earned in these alternative works in the past 12 months? Rs:[ ]
N1.3 How many days do you normally have to wait for your payment from the date of work? Less than 15 days…………………………………. 1
15 days to 1 month……………………………….. 2 2
1 month to 3 months……………………………… 3
More than 3 months ………………………………. 4
N1.4 Do you think NREGA is a useful program? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW……….-999
N1.5 What are the merits of the program?
(Circle all that apply) Income substitute when no other work is available.. 1
Increased income because more household
members can work now…………………………. …2
Low search efforts to get a job…………………….. 3
Provision of jobs close-by…….…………………… 4
Improvements of the local infrastructure………...... 5
Less worries because
DON’T KNOW……………………………….. -999
OTHER (Specify)………….…..........………….. 996
N1.6 What should change in the program to make it (more) useful?
(Record verbatim)
N1.7 Can you influence which NREGA projects are chosen, i.e. do you have a say in the determination of the “shelf of works”? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW……….-999
N1.8 Do you think the Social Audit and the public hearing on the Program was useful? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW……….-999
→ N2.0
→ N2.0
N1.9 Why do you think it was useful?
(Circle all that apply) Because the laborers got their money back……….. 1
Because the laborers learned about their rights….... 2
Because it reduced the frauds and irregularities
of the officials (e.g. field assistants, post masters)… 3
Because it enhanced the right to say in the
works projects chosen……………………………. 4
DON’T KNOW……………………………….. -999
OTHER (Specify)………….…..........………….. 996
N2.0 Did the sanctions decided on at the social audit public hearing effectively take place? YES.................................... 1
NO..................................... 2
DON’T KNOW……….-999 End of survey
Stakeholder Analysis
Primary Stake Holders
UPP members’ households are the primary stakeholders of the UPP programme
Stakeholder Analysis Matrix
Stakeholder Stakeholder Interest(s) in the Project Assessment of Impact* Potential Strategies for Obtaining Support or Reducing Obstacles
People
UPP member & her household members
Primary. Stake - Impacts the lives of herself and her household members. Economically active but resource poor A - Most important/must graduate to independently access government linkages or micro finance from MFIs • Most participatory
• Strong ownership
• Household centric interventions
• Holistic with social, health and economic support
• Intensive handholding
• Definite with drawl after 18 th month
• Inclusive with effective PIP
Individual Service Providers Secondary or external stake; mostly for earning income eg., para professionals, local doctors, veterinarians etc., B – Fairly important. Decided by the proximity to community • Sensitize about UPP
• Paid service concept
• Train to get maximum resource support to UPP
• Groups
UPP Centre Comprises of UPP members & community based, after household most important base for the UPP member A-the most important, gives support to the UPP members • Social networking
• confidence building
• service platform like savings and grain bank
• platform for graduation
SHG External stake holder. Loosely connected or not connected to UPP member as of now B – fairly important – can absorb the UPP member when she gains potentiality to avail government linkage. One of the options in the graduation path • Provides government linkages
• SHG leaders can help UPP members in services like health card, pension and ration card.
• May absorb the member on her graduation with government linkage
Institutions
MFI B- Fairly Important – for profit and has interest in new client acquisition. Not very keen as welfare but as serving the poor with micro financial services share a common vision of eradication of poverty Entry point in the graduation path. One of the options for the UPP member after 18 months • In corporate modules for accessing MFI in financial education
• Never recommend or take her to mFI but teach her how to approach
• Tell mFI that the loan sanction or rejection is without prejudice
• Fast climbers need not wait till 18 months and can approach even before that
NGO (SKS) A-Most important – has mission to eradicate ultra poverty, wants to learn and replicate in other areas Driving force of the entire programme. Leverages funds for the operations and runs the team, gives strategy and is like mother womb • Strictly should follow handholding to hand in hand to shake hand strategy
• UPP member is free to chose her road path after graduation
• Standard package of practices have to be evolved for upscale replicable model
Govt Program service provider
IKP, Ration card, Old age pension, Rajiv Arogyashree, NREGS, WSHP A – Most important, government is important stake holder for the poor. Un interested bureaucracy but can deliver on demand Government is huge resource and needs to be accessed to the UPP for faster growth • Rigorously train members/create awareness about government linkages
• Lobby strongly with government for linkages
• Use existing SHGs in villages to lobby for the UPP members
Village Institutions
PR, PHC, Anaganwadi, Veterinary center, Village SHG Federations B-Fairly important
Helps women foster their quality of lives. Uninterested bureaucracy but can deliver on demand Graduation acceleration is possible only with the linkages to village institutions. There can not be perceptible impact without accessing the resources of these VIs. • Rigorously train members/create awareness about government linkages
• Lobby strongly with VI for linkages
• Use existing SHGs in villages to lobby for the UPP members
Stake Holders
Individuals Groups Institutions
Positive Influences
Individuals :
• Have commitment and stake
• Have skills and resources
• Proximate to community
Groups
• Already in place and fine tuned
• Same Diaspora
• Can mobilize resources and linkages to UP members
Institutions
• Have mandate to deliver and serve
• Have resources
• Proximity to community
Negative Influences
Individuals :
• May influence with personal familiarities
rather than institutional goals
Groups
• More straight jacket and pre molded/not flexible
• Mix of better off members may lack concern for the UP members
Institutions
• Un interested bureaucracy
• Prone to change/shift from place
• Different honesty and efficiency levels
Strategies for effective support and reduction in obstacles
• Inclusive approach
• Build strong stake right from go
• Train community in forging alliances
• Follow no threat approaches
Project Benefits to stake holders
• Fulfillment of vision
• Can see ultra poor peer improving quality of lives
• Can learn from training and peer learning
• Potential clients can grow in their businesses
Changes required in stake holders
• Should change from being by stander to partner
• Should acquire skills to serve the ultra poor
• Ultra poor programme is professional mandate and not a delivery of benefits model
Project activities potential for conflicts/negative impacts
• Demand for better services from line functionaries can create enmity
• Non ultra poor may create hurdles since they are not included
• Expectations go high
• All ultra poor can not have carrying capacity to manage assets
Project activities potential for change
All project activities are designed to bring in potential change
Interest analysis of stake holders
Primary stakeholders:
Economically active but ultra poor and wanted to grow
Intermediary stake holders
Have commitment, experience and resources to drive the UPP
External stake holders
Mandated to deliver but lack motivation and need a demanding community for efficiency
Core Programme Components - I
FOUR COMPONENTS OF Livelihoods and Enterprise Development:
The end-goal of the program is economic development of members, where social and health inputs serve as supporting, albeit important, mechanisms to achieve this end. Economic Development involves:
A. Savings: Upon joining the program, beneficiaries begin saving a nominal amount (minimum of Rs.5) on a weekly basis during group meetings, led by a SKS field staff member.
It is concept of voluntary savings and flexible in frequency, amount and choice. So far Rs.5.00 L is saved by these women which are partly circulated as internal loans amongst the needy members.
Why Savings for Ultra Poor?
• Gives much needed self confidence for the women
• Proves that even the ultra poor can also save
• Helps them with working capital on enterprise
• Meets emergent needs through savings based small loans
• Multiplies with interest earnings on small loans given to co members
• Can be shown as initial savings for the micro finance loan when graduated
B. IGA Selection: SKS staff assists member in determining a suitable income-generating activity for asset transfer. Because the member is not asked to contribute money for the purchase of the asset, the asset(s) will be ostensibly ‘owned’ by SKS. As a result, the member is less likely to sell the asset for consumption purposes – one of the largest challenges of asset provision.
Asset Basket
1. Buffalo-Rearing
2. Buffalo + Chickens
3. Goats (6)
4. Chickens (10-20)
5. Sheep (4-6)
6. Non-Farm Package 1: Telephone + Small Goods Shop
7. Non-Farm Package 2: Telephone + Food Products
8. Non-Farm Package 3: Telephone + Tea Shop
9. Vegetable-vending
10. Horticulture Nursery (land-lease for fruit or betal leaf farming)
C. Training on entrepreneurial activity: 3-6 day residential training involving basic fundamentals of business and marketing, as well as trainings specific to each enterprise: livestock care, agriculture or non-farm activities. The residential nature of training also allows for health and social development programs to be incorporated.
D. Stipend – A stipend allowance reduces a beneficiary’s dependence of daily labour to survive and allows her to focus on generating income from the SKS-provided asset
The administration of stipend and procedures are dealt in a separate chapter.
Enterprise Selection
After targeting ultra poor members in an area, the next step is to determine what enterprise(s) are best suited for each beneficiary. It is very important for the FA and member to choose an enterprise that is both feasible and profitable. While the member ultimately decides what business is best for her, it is the job of the FA to guide her and give appropriate suggestions.
Three criteria for selection of enterprises:
a. Visibility
b. Experience of member
c. Profitability (Feasibility)
Steps to Enterprise Selection:
1. Determine:
a. Source of income
b. Current income generating activities
c. Previous experience
11. Discuss each enterprise
a. Inputs
b. Profits
c. Advantages
d. Disadvantages
12. Ask member, what type of enterprise do you want?
13. Determination of Feasibility
a. If FA feels the chosen enterprise is not feasible, he counsels her and suggests an alternative
Enterprise Development Training
Providing skills training to members is essential to the member’s eventual success. SKS offers 3-6 days of Residential Training to members. This training gives members the confidence and ability to begin, sustain and profit from their assets. Training is divided into batches; each training batch is specific to an entrepreneurial activity: buffalo, goat, chicken and non-farm activities.
Time:
1 Enterprise: 1 night, 2-Day Residential Training
2 Enterprises: 1 night, 2-Days
Asset Transfer
The transfer of assets to members occurs within two weeks after the completion of skills training. In these two weeks, the field team will assess if any necessary additions need to be made at member households. For example: the construction of a small outdoor shed for buffalos or the purchase of a basket for chickens.
Additions
Asset Addition
Buffalo Tin Sheets
Chicken Basket or Cage
Small Shop Weighing machine, Storage Rack, depending on size of shop
Steps:
1. HO provides Asset-Transfer schedule
2. Field Staff create final Asset-Transfer schedule (format)
3. Create Purchase Committee Team (3-4 members)
a. Field Assistant
b. Branch Manager
c. Sector Specialist
4. Purchase Committee Meeting
a. Each beneficiary and respective asset discussed
5. Submit Cash Requisition Form (submitted by BM)
a. Submit to Program Manager MF
b. Program Manager sends to Head Office
c. Head Office sends cash to BM
6. Purchase Assets
a. Purchase Committee comprises the FA – BM and the member identifies time/place and date to purchase asset – within 15 days after training is complete
7. Issue Promissory Note
a. Field Assistant and Member go to member’s village
b. Explain purpose of asset and provide encouragement
c. Identify 2-3 family members/friends/neighbors to act as witnesses.
d. Explain purpose of Promissory Note (refer to Appendix VII for format)
e. Issue Promissory Note
8. Give Member Documentation
* Each member must maintain her member documentation in her own household
a. Informational Booklet
b. Health Identification Card
c. Name & Number-Writing Register
d. Savings Booklet
Informational Booklet
The information booklet contains the following information:
A. Ledger
B. Income & Expenditure Calculations
C. Social & Health-Related Findings
Information booklet
Top Page
Name:
Village:
Colony:
HH #:
Husband Name:
Asset Type:
Joining Date/Training Date:
Asset Transfer Date:
9. Document transfer in Subsidiary Ledger Book
10. Use Voucher Book
a. Collect receipts upon purchase of asset
b. Give receipts to purchase committee (BM) for verification, cross-verify by accountant, who prepares debit voucher
11. Note transaction in Petty Cash Register (BM) (format)
Approximations:
100 Villages = 500 Members
1 FA : 60 - 75 Beneficiaries
1 FA : 15 Villages (1 Village = 4-6 Members)
ASSET Distribution
289 assets including 169 buffalos 95 goats 2 telephone connections (PCO) were
distributed to members and for 10 members Kirana shop material also disbursed
Asset Performance Test:
To know whether the productive asset transferred to the partner household is really helping the Ultra Poor the following performance indicators shall be employed.
1. Return on Investment
2. Secondary Asset created
3. No collateral damage to school going children
4. Insurance protection
5. Post income generation wealth management
Critical Factor in Asset transfer:
The project reserves right to take back the asset and redistribute to the other needy, in case
1. The UPP household attempts to sell it out without prior information to FA
2. Uses child labor to tend the animals or assets
3. Uses the income generated out of the asset for infectious expenditure like drinking or other undesirable expenditure
4. Improper maintenance of asset and not attending or caring to take training on asset management
5. Sub leasing the asset to others without information to project team
Livelihoods Action Plan: (LAP)
With the experience gained in pilot phase individual household Livelihood Action Plan shall be prepared for the immediate next three years.
Templates for LAP
A. Animal Husbandry
A. Capital Investment:
c. Cost of asset
d. Transaction cost
i. Transportation
ii. Veterinary check up
ii. Transit Insurance
iii. Milk vessel
c. Insurance coverage
d. Protection roofing
e. Equipment for rearing/production
f. Others
Total: A
B. Recurring Investment:
1. Wage compensation/subsistence
2. Feed/fodder
3. Veterinary expenses
4. Insurance Protection
5. Labor for tending cattle
6. others including notional interest charge @10% p.a. on capital investment
Total B
Total cost in I year (A+B)
Income
Milk Yield per day in lit
Average milk sales per day in lit.,
Price per Lit.,
Gross revenue per day
Total lactation period in one year (no., of days)
Gross revenue expected in one year
Value of calf and cattle at the end of the year
Total gross revenue
Net revenue after deducting expenditure pa.
B. One cycle of Goat/sheep Rearing
1. Capital costs
a. Cost of goats (6 months old):
b. cost of housing if any:
c. insurance coverage for 1 year
d. Others if any
Total fixed costs
2. Recurring expenses:
1. cost of tending the animal
2. veterinary expenses
3. others if any including notional interest charge @10% p.a. on capital investment
Total recurring expenses 2
3. Gross sale proceeds including manure
4. Net income : (3-2):
5. No., of production cycles in one year :
6. Net income p.a. 4*5
7.Value of the remaining stock at home at the end of year:
8. Net revenue and value of closing stock: 6+7
C. Petty shop with pay phone; tea shop; vegetable vending
A. Capital Investment
a. Shop space
b. Initial shop goods from whole sale market
c. telephone establishment
d. General Insurance coverage for 1 year
e. Equipment like balance, furniture and packing material:
f. Others if any specify
Total A
B. Recurring Investment
a. electricity
b. self labor on shop
c. Replacement shop goods on regular basis
d. Telephone rentals
e. self labor
f. others including notional interest charge @10% p.a. on capital investment
Total B
C. Total Investment (A+B)
d. Gross revenue from the sales
e. gross revenue from telephone rentals
Total gross revenue : (d+e) = C
f. Value of unsold stock and capital investment:
G. Total gross revenue and stock value: (C+f)
Net revenue: G- C
V. Leased nursery for betel leaf :
I. Capital Investment
a. Land lease cost p.a.
b. cost of nursery saplings
c. cost of tools and equipment
d. others if any
Total 1
2. Recurring Expenses:
1. Watering charges
2. labor expenses including self labor
3. plant protection
4. manure and fertilizers
5.marketing transportation and expenditure
6. others specify
Total 2 :
3. Total Investment: (1+2)
4. Gross revenue out of sale of betel leaf:
i. Yield of leaf p.a. in 100 leaves count
ii. market sale price for 100 leaf bunch:
iii. Gross revenue: 2*3 = 4
Net Revenue: 4-2
II. Wealth Management (disposable income planner)
I A. Investment proposed at the beginning of II year: Rs.
Out of which
1. savings
2. surplus from the I year asset
3. micro finance that could be mobilized
4. other sources like disposal of present asset
5. Total : (1+2+3+4)
4. Deficit ( IA-5 )
5. What are the plans to make up the deficit?
(please administer the same LAP templates to arrive at II year end income)
Member’s Name: __________________________
Husband’s Name: _____________________________
Village: _____________________________________
Member Information / details
Children status
Date of Join in UP Date of enterprise training
Enterprise
Cost / Number
of the Asset
Date of Asset Transfer Date of commencement of income from enterprise
Average income per month from enterprise Date of 1st delivery
Date of 2nd delivery
Income from sale of offspring (if any)
Information Updating
Date Information
Member Goal after one year:
Asset Performance Indicators
Asset value Asset diversification Income generation Skill enhancement
Human Resources Social family welfare wealth management
I year beginning value I year beginning types of assets Pre asset household income month/annual Experience Own Children not sent for asset tending Wealth investment on health
I year ending value I year ending types of assets Post asset household income month/annual at end of I year Training days Out side household children are also forbidden from tending Wealth investment on children education
Value addition No.,of secondary assets New set of skills Nutritional investment in family out of surplus Social esteem due to income and possession of asset
Infrastructure value Scale and potential Reduction in dependency on paid services Health care investment out of surplus II year preparedness for LAP
Asset quality Additional gainful employment Capacity to advise others Leisure time utilization Disposable surplus for II cycle investment
Asset protection and risk coverage No.,of job days for adult family members Credibility with banks or mFI
Asset non performance or disposal Has become para professional
Asset leasing Technically graduated household
Infectious expenditure out of income generated from asset
Asset Performance
Enterprise trainings plan for Ultra poor program
Month of trainings Planned enterprises for Trainings Planned trainings Actual trainings Actual trainings conducted Asset distribution dates Graduation date 18 months from the asset transfer
Members Sessions Members Sessions
Sep 07 Livestock 50 2 85 3 Livestock (buffalo’s) End of Oct 07 Mar-09
Oct 07 Livestock and trade 150 5 End of Nov 07 Apr-09
Nov 07 Livestock and non farm activities 180 6 End of Dec 07 May-09
Dec 07 180 6 End of Jan 08 Jun-09
Jan 08 90 3 End of Feb 08 Jul-09
650 22
Enterprise Distribution:
Name of the asset One time Grant amount insurance + medical for assets Monthly allowance Number of months Total Allowance Total Grant with allowance approx Number Total Cost with Allowance
1 Buffalo / Cow 11000 1240 500 6 3000 15240 400 6096000
2 Goats 8000 610 500 6 3000 11610 200 2322000
3 Small goats / Telephone / chicken 5000 475 500 6 3000 8475 100 847500
4 1 Goat + chicken 5000 700 500 6 3000 8700 50 435000
5 Tea shop / petty shop / telephone 8000 500 6 3000 11000 25 275000
6 General& Kirana store / cloth 8000 500 6 3000 11000 25 275000
7 Vegetable shop / Mobile shop 8000 500 6 3000 11000 80 880000
8 Tailoring 8000 500 6 3000 11000 50 550000
9 Bangle store / Ironing 8000 500 6 3000 11000 30 330000
10 Basket / Shawl weaving /Bedi 8000 500 6 3000 11000 20 220000
11 Land lease 11000 500 6 3000 14000 20 280000
11275 1000 12510500
Ultra poor program targeted 489 members from over 90 villages and as of 31st Dec’ 07, the details of the members as follows.
Over 89 members are out of the program from the selected 489 following the reasons, the most common reason is members not willing to take up any activity (about 30%)
As on 31st Dec’07 we have trained 338 members and assets have been transferred to 264 members the break up of assets as follows
Financial education
With support from Citigroup Foundation, the Financial Education for the Poor Project has developed a financial education curriculum targeted at low income households in developing countries.
Careful management of what little money they do have is critical to meet day-to-day needs, cope with unexpected emergencies, and take advantage of opportunities when they come along. The bad news is that the poor too often lack the knowledge and experience they need to be these careful money managers.
The purpose of financial education is to teach people concepts of money and how to manage it wisely. It offers the opportunity to learn basic skills related to earning, spending, budgeting, saving, and borrowing. The good news is that when people do become more informed financial decision-makers, they can plan for and realize their goals. Moreover, once people have acquired financial literacy skills, those skills cannot be taken away. A one-time course in financial education can have lifelong rewards.
SKS as part of the ultra poor program started giving the financial education to the beneficiaries of the its Ultra poor program; the financial education program is divided in to three basic parts
HOW THE LEARNING SESSIONS ARE LINKED
❚ The first Topic introduces them about the cash flow session that explains how to identify income and expenses
❚ The Topic session define budgeting and identify the steps for making a budget, and usefulness of the savings to cope with the unforeseen events
❚ Third Topic allows participants to set their financial goals and how to use the cash flow and budgeting to achieve the financial goals.
❚ Fourth Topic will explain the better financial products, good loans and bad loans, good investments and better cash management
Case study of I&E statement of an UPP Household
INCOME AND EXPENDITURE STATEMENT
DATE:
MONTH: ____________________________________
NAME OF THE FA: ___________________________
Date of the Report: ___________________________
Income Expenditure
Particulars Rs. Particulars Rs
Opening cash 130 Food items
Income from Wages 150 Grain Purchase 200
Income from Enterprise Vegetable Purchase 45
Sale of milk 125 Other provisions purchase 95
sale of other products Non-veg, eggs etc 20
sale of kids Milk utilized 30 390
tailoring income Enterprise
Sale of vegetables Purchase of fodder 120
Shop income Purchase of Dhana 50
Medical Expenses 130
Hand loan / loan Purchse of tailoring material
Appu (Jyothi) 500 Purchse of provisions for shop
Chebadulu Name) Purchse of vegetables 300
Uddera 200
Medical
Others Doctor fee 50
Sale of crops 600 Purchase of medicines 100 150
Milk utilized 30
Hand loan / loan
Uddera repayment (shop)
Loan repayment (Sailoo) 500
Chebadulu repayment name)
Chebadulu (Sangeetha) 50
Others
Toiletteries 20
Travel 15
Festivals 150
Cloths
Children education 30
Drinks, smoking, tea, pan, gutka 25
Total Expenditure 1630
Savings 20
Closing balance 85
Total 1735 Total 1735
UPP Health Coverage Strategy:
The extreme poor are the least healthy group in society. They spend their meager income on food that barely meets nutrition requirements. Malnutrition and sickness result, forcing the poor to contend with health expenses, thereby reducing familial income. With this vicious cycle of meager income, malnutrition, sickness, health expenses and reduction in income, it is impossible to escape the clutches of poverty. So, the Health Component of the Ultra-Poor Program provides subsidized basic health care and health information to beneficiaries to allow them to focus on generating a stable income. Three components to the health strategy are:
1. Provision of basic healthcare services
2. Provision of Information to raise awareness of health-related issues
3. Provision of financial assistance for clinical care if so required
SKS will tackle the incidence of out-patient care and clinical care through a combination of preventive techniques and on-the-spot coverage. The health program is divided into: health coverage, monthly visits, information sessions, and doctor-on-call services.
Health Coverage: Beneficiaries and their families will benefit from free consultations and diagnosis, and subsidized cost of medicine. Benefits will be covered for the following: fever, colds, stomachache, eye ailments, ulcers, fatigue, TB, iron deficiencies, parasitic infections and pre-natal care. Table 1 depicts the common ailments and cost of treatment for the extreme poor.
Why Health Interventions?
Health supportive interventions in UPP have strategic importance
Chronic health problems are trigger points for erosion in daily wages
calorie intake
poor health
Incremental investment in health
Depletion of resources for other life quality necessities
Right Health Interventions are key to UPP impact
Poor Nutrition Health Problems
Wage loss
Treatment Expenditure
Ultra Poor women savings and Health Expenditure do not match
Savings Health Expenditure
Thematic Areas in Health Interventions
1. Trained health professional visit to household
2. Health Screening
3. Health Training
4.Weekly center meeting health interface
Line Functionary Support for Health Interventions:
• Generic Health interventions by regular Field Assistant
• Specific Health interventions by Health Field Assistant
Health Care
The SKS Ultra Poor Program provides basic health care services to all ultra poor members – the extreme poor are the most vulnerable to malnutrition and sickness, and paying to treat ailments is often the main reason for the extreme poor to remain extreme poor. By providing health support services to our members, we aim to increase awareness of health prevention techniques, promote linkages between existing providers and members, and treat basic illnesses --- with the aim of giving members the capacity to become productive entrepreneurs for the entirety of the program and beyond.
Components of Health Care
A. Provision of Care through Field Assistant – Health
B. Health Awareness Education
C. Health awareness Camps
D. Linkages to existing health service providers
Monthly Visits by Health Field Assistants:
I. Cover following topics:
A. General health of member and family
B. Hygiene
C. Challenges
D. Nutrition
II. Raise Health Awareness:
Through Health Information Sessions
1. Family Planning
2. Pregnancy-Related Topics
a. Pre-natal care
b. Post-natal care
c. Safe delivery practices
3. STDs, HIV/AIDS
4. Women’s health
Health related correlation points:
1. Adolescent health
2. First Aid treatment
3. De-worming
4. Anemia (iron-deficiency)
5. Snake bite / Dog bite
6. TT Injections, TB, Immunization
Family Health Information Sessions
7. Family Planning
8. Nutrition
9. Sanitation
10. Water Sanitation
11. Sanitation
12. Immunization
13. Seasonal Disease
Resource Awareness
14. Location/Use of Resources
15. PHCs, clinics, hospitals
16. Free-of-cost products
17. Iron tablets
18. Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS)
19. Aspirin
20. Condoms
21. Sanitary Napkins
FA shall write-down Issues/Concerns/Suggestions given in informational booklet
HFA keeps FA aware and up-to-date regarding health status of member
a. Note in informational booklet
b. Discuss in informal/formal meetings
c. Write in Register
d. Ultra Poor Health Volunteer:
e. One Ultra Poor member in each village (often-times group leader) receives training from health consultant to provide basic treatment to fellow members
Training begins 4-6 months after launch of program
f. Provision of Health ID Card
Purpose: Members show health ID card to doctors, centers, hospitals when they require treatment
Note: Prior to distribution, Health FA and BM visit local hospitals/centers to inform medical practitioners about purpose of program, and possibility of visits by member. Emphasize the social purpose of the program – helping the poorest-of-the-poor.
Health FA will follow-up with hospitals once every 3 months
I. Health Camps
a. To help Link with local NGOs, doctors and other health service providers
b. Two types of camps:
i. Screening Camps: determine number of afflicted members and give list to relevant providers:
1. Diabetes
2. TB
3. Eye, ENT
ii. Awareness Camps: Local doctors + health FA will raise awareness on health issues, open to entire community
II. Pre and Postnatal Care
a) Provided by FA Health AND government provider
b) Family Planning Services
c) Birth Registration for baby
d) Immunization for baby (as child is new member)
e) Care
iii. Iron tablets/vitamins/tetanus (18-49yrs)/de-worming tablet
iv. Check on health of member and baby
v. Promote safe-delivery
f) Regular Visits by Health FA:
1. 1st – 7th month of pregnancy: 1 time per month
2. 8th month: visits every 15 days
3. Post-Natal Care (PNC)
a. 3 Days – Visit
b. Between 18th – 21st Day – Visit
c. Between 38th – 42nd Day – Visit
d. Regular follow-ups continue
Documentation
1. Health Register Information Register (maintained by FA-Health)
2. Screening Camp Information Register (maintained by BM)
3. Ultra Poor Health Files
4. Monthly Performance Report (no format - CREATE)
5. Non-severe and Severe Cases
6. Health Subsidy Report
7. Immunization Sheet (Format created by Sector Specialist)
Cascading Health Approaches of UP members
Local Remedies
UPP FA/HFA
Pvt., Local RMP/PMP
Pvt., clinic in nearby town
Local Govt., PHC
Govt., Area Hospital
Govt.,, City Hospital
Pvt., Hospital in City
Blood Sample Tests as Bench mark health indicators:
Under UPP all the household headed women bloom samples are tested for
1. Blood group
2. Hemoglobin
The analysis of Hemoglobin has revealed that
Major Health Problems of UPP Members
S No of Mem Village Members Name A. Ailments/sicknesses in the household C. Treatments (access to program health services or something else?) D. Amount spent on health services Major portion
11 MARVELLY METHARI MANEMMA chest pain, diarrhea Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), Pvt. Clinic (Town) 2100 *
24 ANTHARGAV POCHAMMA fever, eye operation SKS, Govt. Area Hospital 1600 * Mother
25 ANTHARGAV LACHAVVA motions SKS, Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP) 1000 * Mother
26 ANTHARGAV GANGAVVA eye opration, cancer Pvt. Speciality Hospital, Govt. area hospital 6000 * Member
27 ANTHARGAV SEEMAVVA fever, stomach pain Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), pvt. Clinic (town) 1500 * Member
29 ANTHARGAV VASANTHA sister delivery Pvt. Clinic (Town) 5000 * Sister
31 ANTHARGAV YELLAMMA fever, daughter delivery Pvt. Speciality Hospital, Govt. area hospital 9000 * Daughter
32 ANTHARGAV PENTAVVA Laproscopy operation Pvt. Speciality Hospital 10000 * Member
41 KADPAL ANISHAMMA fever, body pains, vomitings SKS, pvt. local (PMP/RMP), pvt. Clinic (towm) 2000 *
54 KHANAPUR K SATHYAMMA fever, head ache Pvt. Clinic (Town) 5000 *
58 KHANAPUR K ABBENDA BAGAVVA fever Pvt. Clinic (Town) 1500 *
62 Khanapur K Sanjeevraopet Shivamma Apendisitis, fever Pvt. Clinic (Town) 10200 *
71 MARDI JOGI SANGAMMA diarrhea Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), pvt. Clinic (town) 1500 *
84 MEERKHANPET DHURGAMMA cancer Pvt. Speciality Hospital 34000 *
100 SIRGAPOOR M SWAROOPA fever, head ache Pvt. Clinic (town) 1000 *
109 RAMREDDYPET GANGAMMA fever Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), Pvt. Clinic (Town) 1000 *
120 ENIKEMURI BUDIBAI fever, pain in hand Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), pvt. Clinic (town) 1000 *
121 GARDEGAON SAVITHRAMMA fever, caugh Pvt. Clinic (town) 3000 * Father
122 GARDEGAON TULJAMMA stomach pain, accident Govt. Local PHC, Govt. big hospital, ovt. Spiciality hospital 10000 * Member
124 GARDEGAON GUNDAMMA fever, back pain Pvt. Clinic (Town) 1500 * Member
128 Goudgaon Madupathi Nirmala * Pvt. Speciality Hospital 50000 *
136 KANGTI Jangam Sharanamma fever, caugh Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), Pvt. Speciality Hospital 1450 *
143 KANGTI Vagge Peeramma chest pain Pvt. Speciality Hospital 1200 *
156 DAMARGIDDA Nadimidoddi Chennamma diarrhea, leg pain Pvt. Clinic (town) 2000 * Member
163 DOWOOR Gangarugani Shantamma wounds Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP) 1200 *
171 KARAMUNGI GOLLA KANTHAMMA eye problem Pvt. Speciality Hospital 2500 *
175 MAIKODE GUNDAMMA fever, scabies pvt. Clinic (town) 1000 *
176 MORGI SALE CHANDRAMMA fever, diarrhea Pvt. Clinic (Town) 1200 *
178 MORGI KATTA SANTHOSHAMMA diarrhea Pvt. Speciality Hospital 4000 *
185 NAGULGIDHA THEJAMMA heart problem Pvt. Speciality Hospital 3000 *
191 SHAPUR CHAMBALLA DHURPATHI tiphoid fever Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), Pvt. Clinic (Town) 1200 *
195 THORNAL DUDEKULA FATIMA fever Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP) 1000 *
203 TIMMAPOOR SWAROOPA accident Govt. Big Hospital 20000 *
221 BANDRONPALLY BANDLAKADI BALAVVA eye operation, motions Govt. Area Hospital, govt. big hospita 6000 * Uncle
227 CHANDAPUR NAGAMMA malaria Pvt. Clinic (Town) 1200 * Son
228 CHANDAPUR PADMAMMA fever, back pain Pvt. Clinic (Town) 1400 * mother
230 HANGIRGA B B MOGULAMMA stomach pain, motions Govt. Area Hospital, pvt. Clinic (town) 3200 *
233 JAGANATHA POOR JAGAMMA fever, head ache Pvt. Clinic (Town) 1000 *
234 JAGANATHA POOR BUDDAMMA Gastro antiritis Pvt. Clinic (Town) 1200 *
240 JUKAL SAVITHRA fever (tiphoid) Pvt. Clinic (Town) 1200 *
245 KOTHAPALLY Kaiah Kistamma leg pain Local Remedies 4000 *
249 PEPRI SUHALI BAI fever, pregnant (daughter) SKS, Pvt. Clinic (town) 1500 *
263 AMIRABAD METHARI NARSAMMA Suicide 7000 *
264 AMIRABAD Golla Anjamma fever, peralasis Local Remedies, Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), Pvt. Speciality Hospital 4540 *
266 ATHNOOR MUNNUR BUJJAMMA fever, stomach pain Pvt. Clinic (Town) 900 * Member
268 ATHNOOR KAMALAMMA fever, stomach pain Pvt. Speciality Hospital 2200 * Daughter
270 ATHNOOR Rahimabee fever, back pain, accident Pvt. Speciality Hospital 1500 * Son
274 IBRAHIMPUR BEGARI SRISHAILAMMA stomach pain, head ache Pvt. Speciality Hospital 7000 *
298 JAMBIGI NIRMALA fever, head ache, caugh pvt. Clinic (town) 2000 *
299 JAMBIGI VAGGU RADHAMMA fever Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), pvt. Clinic (town) 1000 *
311 NAGWAR THULJAMMA fever Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP) 1000 *
319 RAIKODE RIHANA BEGAM fever Pvt. Clinic (Town) 1000 *
323 CHOUDARPALLY NARVA ADIVAMMA fever, stomach pain Pvt. Clinic (Town) 1400 *
329 DEVNOOR DUDEKULA ABEDABI chicken gunya, mental health (son) Pvt. Speciality Hospital 10000 *
331 DOSAPALLY C CHENAMMA fever, body pains, vomitings SKS, Pvt. Clinic (town) 1000 *
345 MARPALLY BOINI NARSAMMA malaria Pvt. Clinic (Town) 1100 *
352 POCHARAM NARSAMMA fever, caugh, accident Pvt. Clinic (Town) 1600 *
371 DANAMPALLY SATHYAMMA fever Pvt. Clinic (Town) 1000 *
382 GOTTIMUKKALA Sangannagari Swaroopa fever, head ache Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), Pvt. Clinic (Town) 2000 * Son
390 KOLAPALLY RAMAKALA fever, vomitings Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), pvt. Clinic (town) 2000 *
393 KOLAPALLY LACHAMMA fever, diarrhea SKS, Pvt. Clinic (town) 900 *
395 KOLAPALLY PARAMMA fever, dog bite, UTI Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), pvt. Clinic (town) 1500 *
399 KOTHAPET K. PADMA fever, fracture Govt. Big Hospital 5000 *
400 KOTHAPET ANJAMMA fever, caugh Pvt. Clinic (town) 1500 *
406 MADCHETPALLY ANKIDI LINGAMMA accident Govt. Big Hospital 1200 *
409 MADCHETPALLY YERRA YESAMMA UTI, back pain Pvt. Clinic (town) 4000 *
412 MALKAPUR MOLLA AMINABI fever, leg pain Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), Pvt. Clinic (Town) 3600 *
438 YELPUGONDA Durgari Balamani accident Pvt. Speciality Hospital 1500 *
439 YELPUGONDA Konda Lachamma fever Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), pvt. Clinic (town) 1000 *
440 YELPUGONDA Gandham Kamalamma fever Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), pvt. Clinic (town) 1200 *
442 YELPUGONDA Moodapakkiri Pushpamma fever, leg pain Pvt. Local (PMP/RMP), pvt. Clinic (town) 1500 *
443 YELPUGONDA Ninga Eshwaramma Fever, accident Pvt. Clinic (town) 8000 *
Specimen Health ID Card
ULTRA POOR MEMBER
HEALTH IDENTITY CARD
SWAYAM KRISHI SANGAM
Name of the member : ________________________________
Father/husband name: ________________________________
Village name : ________________________________
Enterprise details : ________________________________
Date Problem Advice / Medicine FA signature
Most common ailments Frequency of occurrence Min. Consultation
Rs. Cost of Diagnosis
Rs. Min cost of Medicines Rs. Referral level of Government Hospital cost of Govt. Hospital Total Avg cost per member
Fever More 50 100 local Area hospital free for BPL 150
Malaria rare 50 200 200 free for BPL 450
Cancer rare 50 District hospital free for BPL 50
Typhoid rare 50 200 200 free for BPL 450
Eye ailments More 50 200 free for BPL 250
Stomachache More 50 100 District hospital free for BPL 150
Allergy rare 50 250 free for BPL 300
Ulcer More 50 250 free for BPL 300
Cough More 50 150 free for BPL 200
Weakness More 50 250 free for BPL 300
Leprosy rare 50 200 District hospital free for BPL 250
TB More 50 200 free local DOTS center free for All 250
Skin diseases rare 50 250 free for BPL 300
Common Ailments Found in Ultra Poor Households in the Project
13.5% 73% 13.5%
Bench Marking Hemoglobin % *optimal >11.5%
Focus Group Discussion on Health with representative partner households
No., of Members covered: 10
Types of Assets of the sampled members:
Land lease, Buffalo, Kirana shop, Tailoring, and Goat.
Proceedings of the Health Focus Group Discussion:
Health Expert
Good morning every body. I came to know about some of your health problems. Will you all please participate and answer about your health issues?
Participants:
We will tell you. Ask sir.
Health Expert
What are the below listed common ailments you suffer from specific to this area?
Responses:
Vomiting & motions (Most prevalent),
Fever,
cold & cough,
back pain,
Kneecap pains.
Headache
Cold
Typhoid fever
Allergy
Their responses to common ailments
Allergy:
I took them to govt hospital. Doctors gave injections. They got cured
Vomiting, motions and fever
First I took him to Village RMP –his medicine did not cure. Then we went to govt hospital. They gave medicines but got no relief. There Doctors also administered glucose but no relief. Then I took him to quacks- he gave some herbal medicine then he got cured.
Head ache and Cold
Health Field Assistant administered medicines and I get relief.
Fever:
I went to village RMP. He has given some medicine and I am OK
Headache and Body pains.
I took tablets from Sangam Madam
Headache, fever and cold now and then when get tired
Sometimes I go to RMP in our village and sometimes go to Government hospital if it is not cured.
Body pain
I take medicine from Sangam HFA.
Knee pain
I take herbal decoction from quack that gives me relief.
Why do you got to quacks and why not govt doctors?
Respondent -1
I will also go to government doctors. What should I do when their treatment does not give any result?
Respondent -2
I tried with govt doctors for my knee pain problem. I felt the quack’s medicine worked well.
Do you have MBBS doctor in your village?
No. We have RMPs
Which doctor you prefer to go first? Govt doctor or RMP or any qualified MBBS private doctor?
We have 3 RMPs We first go to RMP doctor. . If we don’t get any relief then we go to private hospital in close by Center.
Does anyone here first go to Govt Hospital?(addressed to those who did not respond to the above question)
Respondent -1
No. I go to RMP first. If no relief I goto Govt hospital.
Respondent -2
I take medicine from FA or HFA. If no relief I go to RMP. If still no relief then I go to Govt Hospital.
Respondent -3
I went to govt hospital many times and availed good services from doctors. They treat well. If I feel that any illness that should be treated by big doctors then I will go to govt hospital otherwise I take medicines from HFA or FA or village RMPs.
Can you give the reasons why you are not accessing govt hospital services?
Responses:
1. Their medicines don’t work.
2. Sometimes doctors will not be available.
3. They don’t see us after 11-30AM
4. Do we have to go that long to take injection? That is available here also in our village
5. It is very long. No transportation facilities from our village. Even if we go there, there is no guarantee about the doctors’ availability.
Anyone else wants to share anything more
Does it cost to see govt health doctor?
common responses from Majority members
2 or 3 kilometers far from our village. To and fro fare costs us Rs.8 Transportation is also a problem here. Although we can walk that distance normally it is a big distance when we have fever.
Any other members go to quacks like the ones who told they go to quacks for relief?
Responses (Common answers from majority members):
1. No. We do not go to quacks. Either we go to RMP, Pvt hospital or Govt hospital.
2. Every Wednesday a govt doctor visits our village. She will diagnose and give us medicines.
We will also take medicines from one of our members who is a AASHA volunteer (hands pointed to a member).
To AASHA VOLUNTEER (Bare foot community doctor)
What medicines do you give them?
I give medicines to body pains, leg pain, headache, cold and fever – for all small ailments. Govt doctors keep medicine stock with me for common health problems.
Has the program HFA or FA given you any assistance or support?
Responses (common responses)
They have given us medicines when we were suffering from fever
head ache, pain.
What exactly these magic shows have been shown about?
Respondent -1
These shows told us about how to take care of our health,
Respondent -2
how to maintain cleanliness to avoid health problems
Respondent -3
I learned how to keep our house and surroundings clean and that we should wash vegetables before cooking.
Respondent -4
I remember that we should use boiled water for drinking
Respondent -5
Stagnant water breeds mosquitoes so we should close the pits with sand. Mosquitoes cause malaria. So stopping mosquitoes breeding control malaria fever
Respondent -6
We should not remove starch when cooking rice.
Give examples what you are practicing?
Respondent-1
I am cleaning vegetables before cooking and not wasting starch.
Respondent-2
I am also cleaning vegetables before cooking and cooking lots of leafy vegetables.
Respondent -3
I am maintaining my family surroundings clean and removing dust and scrap. Filling water pits with stones and sand
Respondent -4
I went to hospital when my cough persisted for1 week fearing that it could be something else after seeing a magic show. But I got cured after taking medicines.
Respondent -5.
I am keeping my surroundings clean after watching the magic show.
Respondent -7
I am not de-starching my rice.
Common messages during Health sessions by SKS UPP?
They tell us to drink boiled water, avoid de-starching rice, clean vegetables before cooking, keep surrounding neat & clean, eat well –these things they tell us (common answers from members)
Govt has given you funds to set up latrine in every house. Is it true?
Yes (common answers)
Then you must all have constructed latrines?
It is true. We have constructed latrines but we are using them for bathing and other purposes. We are going to latrines in the open fields.(common answers)
Is anyone here is using latrine at their houses?
No one. We are all going to the fields.
Why are you not using them?
-We have water problem here -we don’t have drinking water leave alone water for other purposes.
-It needs lot of water to flush toilets. So we go to open fields.
-Where does the filth go when there is no septic tank for that matter there is anyone here to clear the septic tank even if there is adequate water?
- No drainage system.
-You see that’s how filth water goes on the mud roads. Even if we fill stagnant water into pits there is no use, breeding goes on and mosquitoes prevail
It is better now- you should see these mud roads in the rainy season- that is the season we all get health problems.
Didn’t you talk to your sarpanch to arrange drainage system in your village? Because - do you know excreting in open areas makes your village a hub of diseases?
Responses-
What can we do? We are helpless.
Do you have a HFA come to see you from the UPP?
Yes. (Common responses)
What does she tell you?
Respondent -1
-She gives us medicines and asks us to use boiled water, clean vegetables before cooking
Respondent -2-
she tells us to keep our surroundings clean.
Respondent -3
She asks us to go to government hospital if found suffering from fever, cough, motions or persistent cold.
Do you know anyone from your village that are pregnant getting pre-natal and post-natal care from govt doctor visiting once in a week?
We are not aware of that. Most of the deliveries are carried out by mid-wives in our village.
Social Development
The extreme poor often exist in the margins of society. They are uneducated and are of the lowest castes. Extreme poor are more vulnerable than other groups, suffering more from external shocks such as disease, drought, and death in the family. They have less confidence than other poor, which is one reason they avoid mainstream microfinance. Consequently, an important part of the Ultra-Poor program involves giving members the confidence to become active wage-earners in their families.
The four components of the Social Development component are:
a. Group Solidarity
b. Increasing Social Awareness
c. Back-Up Support
d. Confidence-Building Training
Group Solidarity will be encouraged through weekly group meetings. Ultra-poor members in each village will use this time to discuss concerns and develop methods to problem-solve. The FA, through feedback from members, will also discuss relevant social development topics for group discussion
Changes in Gender Issues
• Other family members (brothers, father, mother, and in-laws) are started supporting her in maintain asset
• Getting respect from family members, because members are started save money, purchasing assets for future needs
• They have started take more initiation and spending decisions in the family
• Children are feeling happy in their education and not getting marriage at early stage
• Members increased their confidence levels
• Members started searching alternate income sources through enterprise
• Improving the family health status
• Increasing health awareness
• Improving hygienic conditions
• Their neighbors are started giving respect them
Examples:
• Other family members are supporting them in raring buffalos, goats, setup shed for livestock, purchasing material, taking care of livestock when they are sick.
• Members started increase savings, purchase ornaments, renovating houses.
• Started repay the old debts, spending on income generation, not spending on unnecessary things
• Members started thinking on children education and looking for quality and planning to send private schools
• Some of the members are changed their ideas and postponed their children marriages
• Members confidence levels increased, because now they having some asset in their hands for increase income.
• Members started thinking for enterprise development in the future
• Some members are not able to sell milk for reasonable prices at their villages, so they are making curds and ghee and selling
• Most of the members before our intervention not using milk or milk products, spending money on nutrition, but now they started using 25% of milk for family consumption, spending on purchase vegetables and fruits. Some of the members started kitchen gardens near their houses. Started drink boiled water to prevent rainy season health problems such as diarrhea.
• Members used to take alcohol and tobacco products, after our continues conversations with them and health awareness session at weekly meetings make them to stop using them.
• Started wearing chappal while going for toilets and in regular travel, washing hands after toilet and before taking meal, personal care in taking regular bath, cleaning teeth and nails.
• Members have started sharing their knowledge gained through our training to neighbors on health related topics and giving suggestions as needed on both human and livestock
How social issues intervention success is measured?
• 90% of members will demonstrate increased awareness of social issues
Food and Nutrition Security:
Ultra poverty is strongly correlated to insecurity in food and nutrition.
Food security to the ultra poor is addressed through two main resources.
1. Government PDS of food grains
2. Innovative community food banks
Government of AP is providing Antyodaya card to the poorest which envisages monthly ration at subsidized prices, quantity depending upon the no., of family members. UPP endeavor is to facilitate access of the Antyodaya cards to all the members.
Access Rate: UPP: PDS: Antyodaya Cards
Innovative Community Food Banks:
UPP is about to pilot a Grain Bank scheme encouraging the UPP members to voluntarily save food grains to come in handy in the rainy day.
Food Grain Banks: Salient features:
1. Each member while cooking in the morning and night shall save and keep aside fistful of food grains confined to jowar and rice initially
2. In weekly center meeting she comes with the weekly savings of food grains which she deposits in the Grain Bank at the center.
3. The Center keeps a simple register of the Grain Bank with name and quantity contributed by each member
4. The needy member can borrow food grains whenever she has food grain shortage, festival or function or guests. The borrowals are recorded in the center meeting. In between the center meetings if she needs to draw due to exigency she can do so but the Grain Bank in charge from the community shall inform the same in the next Center Meeting and records the borrowings
5. A nominal interest of one fist for every bin (each bin weighs around 2 kg grain) is charged and she has to repay the grain borrowed within three months in full and in one go.
6. If the Center feels to sell away the grain in the Bank accumulated, they are free to do so. They can sell it to the needy members or in the market at the price decided by them selves but it should be only against the cash payment.
7. The income earned so should go to the savings account of the Center after recording in the minutes.
8. For Jowar and Rice two separate bins are given to each member that can accommodate 2 kg., per week.
9. The main bin in the center should accommodate 100 kg and should have provision of rat proofing, double key lock and the keys are held with two chosen leaders.
10. Care should be taken that the grain is disposed off either as loan or by sales before it gets rancid or spoilt or worm infested.
11. The bins should be clearly written in Telugu about the grain bank scheme and members should be thoroughly oriented on running the grain bank.
12. In case of any dispute the Field Assistant during center meeting shall arbitrate and settle the dispute.
13. The grain bank scheme should be piloted in centers where there are not less than 5 members.
14. FA should orient not only the members but also the members of the UPP Household about the essence of the programme.
15. The FA should leave the discretionary decisions about whom to lend, how much and repayment terms purely to the members.
The very confidence that ultra poor member need not go in search of food grains borrowing from shops or from neighbors is the indicator of success of this programme.
Government Linkages
Jan-08 Dec-08
Yes No Trying Total Yes No Trying Total
Pension 146 280 17 443 322 104 17 443
PDS 377 49 17 443 411 14 18 443
NREGP 124 302 17 443 259 166 18 443
Job card No information 0 281 144 18 443
Arogya sree 0 349 76 18 443
Nutritional Security as Recommended by NIN in Gms
Nutrition Chldrn 10-12 13-18 Gents Ladies
<1 yr 1-3 yr 4-6 yr 6-9 yr Girls Boys Girls Boys Light Ordnry heavy Light Ordnry heavy
Rice/Jowar 45 120 210 270 270 330 300 420 420 480 690 300 360 480
Pulses 15 30 45 60 60 60 60 60 60 90 90 60 75 90
Milk – Milk Prod 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 300 300 300 300 300 300
Root vegetables 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 100 100 200
Leafy vegetables 25 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Other vegetables 25 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Fruits 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sugar/jiggery 25 25 30 30 30 35 30 30 25 40 55 20 25 45
Oil 10 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 35 55 20 30 40
Ultra Poor consumption pattern: a sample study
Village Members Name Food Group Description of Food over the past 3 days Missed meals? If so, why?
Ramreddypet Sayamma Vegetables Toamto, brinjal, ladies finger No No
Fruits Banana
Grains Sorgam (jowar), Rice
Meat Chicken
Others Oil, salt, mirch etc
Meerkhanpet Durgamma Vegetables Tomato, Potato, Beans No No
Fruits Banana, Apple
Grains Sorgam (jowar), Rice
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch etc
Raparthi Sangamma Vegetables Potato No No
Fruits Banana
Grains Rice, Jowar, Greengram dal, Bengal gram, Black gram
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch etc
Kottapally Bujjamma Vegetables Tomato Yes, 2 times Health problem (fever)
Fruits Banana
Grains Rice, Jowar, Greengram dal, Bengal gram, Black gram
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch etc
Nagdhar Beeramma Vegetables Potato, Tomato No NO
Fruits Oranges
Grains Rice, jowar, bengal gram dal, green gram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch, noodles etc
Nagdhar Sayamma Vegetables Tomato No No
Fruits Oranges
Grains Rice, jowar, green gram dal, black gram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch etc
Hulgera Narsamma Vegetables Tomato, ladies finger, beans Yes, 1 time No time due to heavy labor work
Fruits Apple, Banana
Grains Rice, jowar, green gram dal, bengal gram dal
Meat Chicken
Others Oil, salt, mirch, ginger, garlic etc
Kusnoor Swaroopa Vegetables Guard, Beans, ladies fingers yes, 1 time Fasting
Fruits Banana, oranges
Grains Rice, greengram dal, blackgram dal
Meat Eggs
Others Oil, salt, mirch etc
Muduguntal Tanda Anushabai Vegetables Tomato, ladies finger, beans No No
Fruits Banana, oranges
Grains Rice, jowar, bengal gram dal
Meat No
Others Snacks
Ryalamadugu Anjamma Vegetables Brinjal, tomato No No
Fruits Oranges
Grains Greengram dal, bengalgram dal, rice
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch etc
Munigepally Papamma Vegetables Guard, tomato No No
Fruits Bananna, oranges
Grains Rice, blackgram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch, snacks etc
Mungi Sayamma Vegetables Tomato, Beans No No
Fruits Banana, Oranges
Grains Rice, Blackgram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch etc
Jambigi Radhamma Vegetables Tomato, spinach Yes, 1 time Helath problem
Fruits Banana
Grains Rice, jowar, bengalgram dal, greengram dal
Meat Motton
Others Oil, salt, mirch, ginger, garlic etc
Nagwar Goushabi Vegetables Brinjal, potato, tomato No No
Fruits No
Grains rice, bengalgram dal, blackgram dal, jowar
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch, bread etc
Marpally Shahinabee Vegetables Bitter guard, beans No No
Fruits Seetaphal (custurd apple)
Grains Rice, jowar, greengram dal, bengalgram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch, buiscuts etc
Pyararam Turpu Paramma Vegetables Cucumber Yes, 3 times Helath problem
Fruits No
Grains Rice, jowar, greengram dal, bengalgram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch etc
Murthujapur Kamalamma Vegetables Cucumber, beans, tomato, greens Yes, 3 times she dint taken lunch box while raring buffalo
Fruits No
Grains Rice, jowar, greengram dal, bengalgram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch etc
Amirabad Anjamma Vegetables Beans, tomato, greens No No
Fruits Apples
Grains Rice, jowar, greengram dal, bengalgram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch, bread etc
Chikurthy Sayamma Vegetables Tomato Yes, 2 times 1 time fasting, second time missed lunch due to no time
Fruits Banana
Grains Rice, bengalgram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch, bread etc
Chowderpally Adivamma Vegetables Totamo, Ladies finger Yes, 2 times 1 time went to village, second time health problem
Fruits Banana
Grains Rice, greengram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch, bread etc
M. Venkatapur Ningamma Vegetables Tomato, Beans No No
Fruits Custard apple
Grains Rice, bengalgram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch, bread etc
M. Laxmapur Satyamma Vegetables No No No
Fruits No
Grains Rice, bengalgram dal
Meat Fish
Others Oil, salt, mirch, snacks etc
Kolapally Vijaya Vegetables Greens No No
Fruits Custard apple
Grains Rice, bengalgram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch etc
Ryakal Budemma Vegetables Potato, Tomato No No
Fruits Banana
Grains Rice, jowar, bengalgram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch etc
Kondapur Doddibhai Vegetables Tomato No No
Fruits No
Grains Rice, jowar, greengram dal, bengalgram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch etc
Pipri Lachibhai Vegetables Ladies finger, beans, greens No No
Fruits Apple, orange, custard apple
Grains rice, jowar, greengram dal, bengalgram dal
Meat Fish, motton
Others Oil, salt, mirch, ginger, garlic etc
Ibrahimpur Maibubee Vegetables tomato, greens No No
Fruits No
Grains rice, jowar, bengalgram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch, bread etc
Maikode Gundamma Vegetables Tomato, brinjal, ladies finger Yes, 3 times Health problem
Fruits Custard apple
Grains Rice, bengalgram dal, jowar
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch, bread etc
Chandapur Nagamma Vegetables Tomato, brinjal 2 times Had fight with brother's wife
Fruits No
Grains rice, jowar, bengalgram dal
Meat No
Others Oil, salt, mirch etc
Bandronpally Balamma Vegetables No No No
Fruits No
Grains Rice, jowar, greengram dal, bengalgram dal
Meat Motton
Others Oil, salt, mirch, ginger, garlic etc
&
Administration
Structure of the Ultra Poor Programme
Governance:
The Ultra Poor Programme is one of the projects being implemented by SKS NGO which is registered as Society in AP.
There is Board of Directors who govern the Programme and decide on policy and strategies. The Board is Chaired by Director and meet regularly to transact business.
Roles and Responsibilities of the Board:
1. Meet regularly and direct the Team in the implementation of the programme
2. Approve and guide the strategic business plans with long term goals, core values and
mission of the NGO in general and UPP in particular.
3. Alliance building with the funding partners, other institutions and
Acronyms
when you lose do not lose the lesson
high interest rates attract only desperate borrowers
Success doesn't mean the absence of failures; it means the attainment of ultimate objectives. It means winning the war, not every battle.
repository of commercially scalable technologies Edwin C. Bliss
corollary
mis pricing
mF is sublime lending industry
non performing ratio of <1%
interest pricing curve
building inclusive financial sectors
intrinsic eminence
power shared is power multiplied
let us not break our own fences
half concerns
nobody has sunk in his own sweat
"To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders." Obama
to eschew violence
it makes eminent sense
fragile liberal space
pick up points in every stop
capacity ranking of groups
drawing parallels
reactive activity
turf war
lineal discendant
episodic events
evolved structure loaded structure
forward area
over liquid poor
thoughtful summary
prisonal environment
defying DNA
Your soul and heart transcend the body and soul
Your face is not what you are
antiquated methods
consumed by his own self image
opinionated
moving with hares hunting with hounds
deadly rationalization
invisible chains
distance between ideal and real is directly proportional
Integrating the ultra poor into economic circuit
Oligarch
throwing the gauntlet
the thin veneer of cohesiveness protects them from bitterness of life struggles
at the end of the day we must create wealth and not distribute poverty
negative self talk
inclusive financial sectors
bundling and monetizing loans
painfully undercapitalized mF sector
social deserts
needs should be reduced to kind of possessions
digital divide
zero tolerance recovery
wading through thick mass of bureaucracy
dead rope
supplier driven fallacy
miniscule outstandings
shift from donor fund to debt finance
spatially overextended operations
experience is tempered by NGO background of individuals rather needs of MFI to exercise financial dicipline
Putting faith in abilities
hold baton but not drumstick
practices are reduced to the level of possessions
lack of bargaining power is equated with market potentiality
arbiter
Unknown opportunities
spreading the loan over several activities
collective unconscious
alter ego
mf has moved from fringe to mainstream
collateral advantage
fruit of great cultivation
chip of choice
some mfis feed on lack of bargaining power and helplessness and call it market demand
political system satisfies everybody's need but not greed
instruments of livelihoods
uncultivated food
homogenised society
self divinization
verbal magic patterns on the looms of rhetoric
snap audit
a regressive condemnation without providing space for improvisation
caveats of
the issue is not going to be solved tomorrow nor have we entirely surmounted the cyclical darkening of relations but they are breathing easier
with heartening burgeoning of people to people relations
welfare to corporate mission
most interventionist of the decade
nut and bolts of SHG plans into MF
SHG feed on mF
tin pot
soldiers march on their stomachs
over generalization
genius is fruit of relentless hard work
failed genius is a proverb
life is mired in innumerable problems
smacks of archaic mental fixation and reactionary
reaction time
apply and supply syndrome
it is not encrypt on stone but a process
replicable protocol
borrowers attitude and bankers aptitude are mismatching
pie in the sky
where growth is exponential
months and years instead of capabilities and motivation decide ow long it take for you to make it to the next role
grow at a pace that challenges your intellect and motivation
feeling constrained and underutilized
coveted credentials
employee orientation and domain depth
leveraging the best of all wolds
community intimacy
solid conceptual and analytical frame work
specific elements of marketing cycle
multi site operations
you are never given a dream without also being given the power to make it true
Richard Bach
Green consumerism
adding muscles to their finances
traversity of justice
confluence of ideas, convergence of efforts and common vision
shaping the outcomes
your mission interests me and I can effectively contribute
Spend and keep money in mind and not in heart
multiple bottom line businesses
Mutual distrust
lessening foot prints
primary small producer is the lowest entity in the supply chain
chain transparancy
skewed scale of success
year long cashflows
de risking LH zones
universal constants
toxic popularity
Sustainable agriculture
water, credit, market, quantity, quality, cost, time and technology
Avikarena kriye bandanat vikarena vimuchyate
people's bio diversity register
adaption of green village
sunrise sector
to chart new developmental paths
from tickling to bubbling
never produce what you cant sale never produce where you can buy from market
vision of better lives and we still hold fast that vision
BPL can't be monetized alone
idea incubator
all that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing
do not pray for easy lives ; pray to be strong men
donot pray for tasks equal to your power but power equal to your tasks
Burdening ourselves with opinions
geography is destiny
find fortune in failure
you cant chose your neighbors
wipro 10 lessons
1. take charge leadership is within and not outside
earn your happiness we know the value if it is hard earned
nothing succeeds like failure when you lose donot lose the lesson
there has to be better way excellence is not destination it is journey
respond and not react response evaluates with calm mind reactions make us to the way what other want us to do
Be physically active never succumb to time pressure and sacrifice your health
never compromise on your core values one must define what you stand for
Play to win It brings out desire to stretch out
give back to society
1. currying favors
2. camaraderie
3. diaspora
4. incremental approach
5. tribal geo ethnic mileu
Think globally act locally
the greatest good you can do to others is not sharing your riches but to reveal to him his own
Desereli
Individualized enterprise but collective market
we judge ourselves by what we feel capable of doing while others judge us by what we have already done
Ame able disposition
reverse discrimination
indignity is a soul controlled by geography
levity
It is lamentable that to be good patriot one must become te enemy of the rest of mankind
high dollar
press of hot button
overarching vision
world can be grasped by only action and not contemplation Hand is cutting edge of mind
let us relate it to bigger picture
exponential growth
plagued by
saddled with procedures
quality gate
wheels within wheels
I am caught up with deep sense of let down
no one can make you inferior without your consent
In great attempts it is glorious even to fail
it is more from carelessness about truth than from intentional lying that there is somuch false hood in the world
OF Holistic production management system that avoids synthetic fertilizers and pesticides minimizes pollution of air, soil and water and optimizes health and productivity of independent communities of life,plants, animals and people
from sea level to snow line
coffee is successful but coffee board has failed
eternal pregnancy
powering nap
deconstruction
good teaching is 10% subject and 90% theater
negative cycle
handholding to handover
creative tension
job content and job enrichment
fear is dark room where negatives are developed
psychological comfort
hit a six off the bouncer
team is not a way but is the only way
doomed or bloomed
audacity is equal opportunity trait
every person you meet is your mirror
god sells all things at the price of labor
rugged individuality
if everyone is moving forward together success takes care itself
virtue is in suffcient temptation
virtue and wisdom are two wheels of a life cart
unflinching look
Negative incentives
catastrphic illness
output based model
supply side and demand side issues
eat a humble pie
making tacit knowledge public
practice show casing
recalcitrant
vibe
James bond of micro finance
fools live in incidents wis in people, wisest in silence
obligate yourself
Training is every thing ; peach was bitter almond and cauliflower is nothing but cabbage with college education – marktwain
searching wood for trees
functional constituents
concomitant duplication of efforts and resultant conflicts
key differentiator
validating statistical premises
ground truthing
livelihoods is the means and opportunities for living governed by resource ownerships, skills, access, productivity, entitlements and vulnerabilities at the individual, family and collective levels
Fulcrum
we are fragrance and government is wind wind is always vague But nobody can match its outreach and force But without fragrance it is dry wind
assiduously marketed by left
center of gravity
catch all phrases
Prisoners of procedures
let us park our faiths and beliefs in the privacy of our personal lives
accidental geniuses are really hardworking creative souls Genius is all about human enterprise, the spirit,
of scientific enquiry and perseverance genius itself is not accident
the harder we work the luckier we get
emotional foundation
let us adapt to each other's limitations
it is victim of its own antithesis
fragrance has to make friendship with wind
led us astray
world's greatest under achiever
Irrigation in AP
Total % of surface water that flows in ap out of country : 15%
Surface water irrigation in AP : 75%
Major Irrigation projects: 41
36 rivers and 2746 TMC of water
Bore well irrigation: 28.91 L Ha
Minor irrigation <2000 Ha
Land holdings in ap : 74.17 L
Past efforts using subsidized and directed credit have left a distressing legacy of failed programmes and created many skeptics
reciprocal lending
economically active but poor
reengage mainstream financial sector
latent demand into effective demand
building local stake
in deep slumber
eulogized
Towering presence
uncertain times when much seems to be crumbling down around us and amongst ruble we see the remains of so many heroes, so many broken shards of impeccable reputations
probity
bastions of journalistic excellence
enduring symbol of excellence
passionate patronage of investigative journalism
unfazed
factoring in mass appeal
it found its crusading champion in
no holds barred
to fuel the crusade
fading into penniless oblivion
un bashed enthusiasm with which he grasped the slimmest of chances that life offered him
working his way through. waiter, koolie
Choice
1. Conceptual choice
2. strategic choice
3. institutional choice
4. structural choice
Edifying up line leader
Pocket borough
coming by wind fall
dead certainty
Hand shaking call
growth pole
equality is etiquette
making deep channels in human life
Mf starts at disadvantage for them
their mind is hardwired to know savings
they constitute the lowest denominators
Hatred is powerful motivator
split hair over disputes
speaks with measured finality
beguiling
doctrinal differences
drinking from same cup
fortuitous
vacuous
springing to mind
out of witches brew sprang up fenie of
the stoutest heart breaks at the roll call of the brightest this land can offer
box office material
pseudo liberals chained to altar of ambiguity and expediency
vacated the ideological high grounds
when you sow the dragon's teeth dont be surprised at what you get
fleet floater
career point
sink or swim
back packer traveler
disarray
keeping our hands over delinquency waters
plummets from
potential derivers of loss
you can't look good by making others bad
there is overwhelming reason to quit
of the total tapestry of the budget to pick out one single thread as being mis colored
could be unfair to entire structure of budget
putting matter in perspective
their minds are hardwired for savings
let us make social pillar under global economy
market dysfunction analysis
facilitate flow of commercial capital into micro finance by minimizing the information asymmetry and experiential gap between formal financial sector and mF practitioners
notching up twin horses of
Federation: enumerated powers with the center and residual powers with the constituents
Facilitating paradigm shift in sustainable livelihoods diversification attendant problems like stress migration
Livelihoods : activities required for means of living
Elements of Livelihoods
Adequacy
security
well being
capability
sustainability
LH is pattern of interdependencies between the needs, interests, values of particular individuals
Live styles and factors shaping it
Livelihoods is adequate stocks and flows of good and cash to meet basic needs
It is security to secure ownership of resources including assets and reserves and to off set risks, ease set backs and meet contingencies and control over income earning activities sustainable to the maintainance or enhancement of resource productivity on a long term basis
5 capitals
Natural
Social
Human
Economic
Physical
Congruent
Insular policies
elucidation
Livelihoods is central to the idea of inter individual net works and organizing practices
LH Individuals and groups striving to make living
LH is their attempt to meet
consumption and economic necessities
cope with un certainties
respond to new opportunities
to chose between different value positions
Conventional anchorage
HH;Local Communities, Production sector, community chain
normative and cultural dimensions of Lhs
sure footed
compulsive hostility
denotre
in calcuble
reverbarate
farthest reaches
clusters of fiefdoms
sphere of influence
hold sway over lives
throw weight
adulation
straight jacket
flood tide
jostle for position
steady hand
party pantheon
the mountains are high and the emperor is far away
cool headed
personable
demeanor
prickly demeanor
quint essential
poised for steady double digit expansion
getting heard
unconsolidated debt
the sum of mis happening their lives is constant
kind of balancing justice free our selves form the rules and obligations one implies on oneself
courage to leap into a new career
to learn the ropes
radically changing the game
linear 3 step sequence
it is easier to change organization top down or bottom up but not from middle
live wire
dark mutterings
plagued
thinking out of box
enlarging the herd
assessing relative poverty of MFI clients
leading to the grand path
latched up
soft and hard options
by working with me
very hard work doubles market vale goes up
fleet floater
amoeba takes shape as per its own convenience
pulling their own shoe straps
only little fingers cant make hand
Jonathan Swift: We have enough religion to fight each other and not enough to love each other
career jam
peaks and valleys of business cycle
inflating the intelligence reports
self goal
annal itch
appearing in press for all wrong reasons
Joint sin
chip in
lateral thinking
vertical enterprise lateral enterprise
steady the boat
impulsive instinct for micro enterprise
3 D reasons
serendipity
every time rise the bar and stretch
challenge to excellence is within and not outside
to mimic
Juggernaut
Main frame savings to family server IGP
cost arbitrage
each cycle of IGP takes family into a different trajectory
launching pad
growth engine
logical choice
tough rural micro and macro environment
flummoxed the entrepreneurship
Dalits of all hues are terrific entrepreneurs
their forays are limited in size and ambition due to socially eliminated entrepreneurship
IGP should give wings to spirit of enterprise
paranoid
compensation is starker
each IGP cycle should be a sling shot enhance their trajectory
smirk
twin engagement of savings and IGP
moral borrow meter
You can't pull down the performer for the sake of parity in fact we shoul pull up the non performer
I have fashioned my life successfully
Snap shot
congruent
lone fern
paronia
burgeoning sector
espoused objectives
glacial pace
fiat accompli done before hand
enjoying both the worlds
historical obligation
edifying up line leader
nobody stands taller than those willing to stand corrected
Bullet proof faith
vision is seeing future finished in advance
veezing old horses
Historical baggage of bad image
suboptimal solutions
anethma
ease of entry barriers
capital adequacy ration between risk weighted assets and capital
pathways out of poverty
Local poverty line
demand and supply stream enabling stream
contextual models
silver bullet and magic bullet
be magic bamboo bend but never break
we go through the life of obstacles bumping into obstacles we could easily by pass
lashing blind rages at fancied wrongs and imaginary foes
stellar performance
not skillful but incredibly soulful
his work is so connected to his heart
at each other's throat
prisoners' of opinions
hating is an art
if two agree on everything one of them is unnecessary
happily in compatible
obstacles
Unduly high set up costs
lack of appropriate skills
lack of information
unreasonably high risks
regulatory in efficiency
seamless consistent services
briefing pack
when first line is very strong second line becomes head strong
accepting life uncertainties can paradoxically overcome fear and enhance survival we can draw strength by choosing to celebrate the ordinary pleasures of life even in the shadow of death
negative incentives
catastrophe illness
output based model
supply and demand side issues
takers eat well givers sleep well
procastination and vagueness are fragile spirits
improbabilities are finger prints of god
do not pave way but prepare a road map
steroids of development
there is no perpetuity in civil society arrangements
literacy in illiterate families has brought straight negative agents
we have baits and not baskets of fish
optimal ignorance
never draw comfort from ignorance
never negotiate out of fear or include fear to negotiate
two way traffic problems for the poor with savings and credit
mid course plunge into development sector
obstacles cant crush me every obstacle yields to stern resolve He who is fixed to a star doesnot change his mind
invisible chains
deadly rationalization
institutionalization of conflict
value failure but system success
firing the gun on other shoulders
sure fire
keeping the heath burning
system driven and process driven
global resource push against poverty
first generation starts, second grows third blows
Loyalty curve
change equation in equality
thought elastic
transparent evidence based
notable foot print in inclusive poverty segment
it was an idea refused to die failures notwithstanding
cast iron guarantee
increase in negotiation position
diminution
success is getting what you want and happiness is wanting what you get
bleeding edge
silent cog
rising exponentially
other side of bottom
cosmetic qualifications
e sconced
headed to slippery slope
more cooking and less offer of menu
feeling of invulnerability
unlocking value
Poachers turned game keepers we can point out and avoid the many pit falls that can catch those who may be less familiar with them
coast on reputation
attrition rate
predation
plummeting to nadir
can be ahead of curve in sourcing
optical illusions
process alignment – mindset alignment
energise dreams and not fears
Lean organization that punches well above its weight
map the world's social terrain in search of its most talented change makers
highly leveraged approach in social change
recognize wild flowers and help them grow
bracing for
attitude decides altitude
fluid mosaic
People need banking and they may not need Banks – Bill Gates
standard barriers
actualize dreams
feet in street
The funds seek to provide social and financial returns to investors and in
with a strong and profitable franchise of
socially motivated assets
has ability to use balance sheet to further the field of social finance
There is no way to livelihoods
Livelihoods is the only way
best practices and next practices
livelihoods is not only income generation but strong convergence
all mercy is no justice
World owes no one a living but every one an opportunity to living
-Rock Feller
parochial
clutching to straw
added to mosaic of nation
outgrow ego
desire is getting what you want and satisfaction is wanting what you got
blunting the momentum
victory is dependent on who are on your side
opinion is flexible prejudice
spiritual without being religion
India is 6 th most privatized health systems in the world
Top 5 European and bottom 40 sub-Saharan bench mark
Development finance and responsible finance
fastest inequality in independent India
oracle of livelihoods
126 th in HDI and 4 th in Billionaires
836 million live on <20 a day
salaries have gone through the roof but some roofs are collapsible
harsh end poverty
strike out do not stop at the third base
consequence and not process
predatory commercialization
Today we have more people in offices and business houses than in farms
Hedging strategy
price volatility
mistaking wood for tree
36%GDP is domestic savings 38% of GDP is consumption
Potential synergies
never argue with the person you work for you will lose more than you argue
every person you meet is your mirror
The "law of the farm" applies to relationships as well as to the rest of life - you reap what you sow and to have great friends you must first be one.
He is a person with his heart in right place
Be the master of your will but servant of your consciousness
Mental fortitude to disallow worries to come back again and again
Work Habits:
Accuracy, efficiency, thoroughness, regularity, timeliness, neatness, orderliness, and punctuality.
A strong drive for excellence in work product and personal performance.
When you love what you do no other motivation is necessary
Acronyms
• Single source of management services and multilevel technical services
• Land mark education
• Consumed by self image
• Tolerance is Ac of soul
• Stay on purpose and not on outcome
• Mind should know that you hold its rein and not vice versa
• 60/40 rule of listening
• Personal light house
• As a man thinketh – James allen
• Discovering happiness Dennis wholey
• Success is not absence of failure
• Win war not battle
• Leader is like conductor of symphony turn back to crowd satisfaction is output and applause is byproduct
• Begin with end in mind
• Satisfaction is output and applause is byproduct
• Circumstances have converged to creat a perfect storm that favored……
• Terminable at will
• UP condition approximates to virtual slavery
• We are getting our model together
• Endowing the poor with soft and hard resources
• Smoothening consumption needs
• Building up stake of the poorest
• Over bearing agenda
• Transformation from funding to lending
• Social deprivation harbors in league with economic deprivation
• Lift the curtain of poverty
• Syndrome of collective poverty
• UP selection discriminatory net approach
• Two way causal relationship
• Over exception
• Submitting to injustice
• In resisting untruth I will put up in all sufferings
• Too large for worries
Too noble for anger
Too strong for fear
Too happy to permit trouble
• Country has disproportionate share of rain fed areas with dependent populations
• Non apparent truth
• Lack of opportunity and deprivation has locked many of ultra poor in India into deep poverty, blocking them significantly to each country’s booming economy
• Transitioning out of---------
• Highly leveraged tool for socio economic change
• Process efficiencies
• Surviving through a normal life cycle is a great challenge to UP women
• The shift from subsistence to market has dramatically negative impact on women
• 75% of income is generated in urban centers preserve identity through out value chain
• orderly transition from UP
• conversion into member of productive economy
• Up value chains
• Handlooms to hand phones
• More focus on relevance than excellence
• Deeply grounded values and professional ethics
• I have looked through many career lenses
• It pulled our heart strings to see the pain and misery of the sick and suffering
• Technical confines
• Good are in majority but evil are more organized
• Multiple land mark equity
• Emotional equilibrium
• Emotional vulnerability
• Ripple effect
• Sweat equity
• Overwhelming empirical evidence shows that
• Mile stones for compensation
• Chronic Poverty
• Spatial poverty trap
• Severity
• Extended duration
• Multi dimensional deprivation
• High incidence of people with incomes severely below PL
• Pronounced deprivation
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